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Electron
Microscopy Studies of the Effects of Garlic Extract Against Trichophyton
rubrum
(Kajian Mikroskopi Elektron ke Atas Kesan Ekstrak Bawang Putih ke
Atas Trichophyton rubrum)
FARZAD AALA, UMI KALSOM YUSUF
& ROSIMAH NULIT*
Department of Biology, Faculty Science, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 18 Julai 2012/Diterima: 8 Jun 2013
ABSTRACT
Trichophyton rubrum is one of dermatophytes that penetrates
keratinized tissues such as skin, hair and nail of human and animals. Recently,
antifungal drugs such as imodazole and triazole was found to cause side
effects, toxicity to patients and also not very efficient due to resistance to
these drugs. As an alternative, some plants extract had been used to treat
dermatophytes. This studies was done using Garlic extract (Allium sativum)
to evaluate its effects on the growth of hypha of Trichophyton using
Electron miscroscopy. Garlic had been known to posses antimicrobial,
antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antitumor activities. This studies found
that garlic extract as low as 4 mg/mL inhibit the growth of hypha. Scanning
electron microscopy studies revealed that hypha treated with
garlic extract showed shrinkage, flat and cell wall demolition, similar to
hypha treated with allicin (positive control) having rough surface, shrinkage
and distortion. The tip of hypa became large after treatment with garlic
extract. Transmission electron microscopy studies also found that
hypha treated with allicin display cell wall thickening, local thickening,
destruction of cytoplasmic content, mean while hypha treated with garlic
extract exhibited cell wall thickening, disordered hyphal tip and desolution of
cytoplasmic compartments and similar with hypha treated with allicin. These
results showed that garlic extract and pure allicin could be use as an
alternative to treat dermatophytes.
Keywords: Allicin; garlic extract (Allium sativum); hypha; Trichophyton
rubrum
ABSTRAK
Trichophyton rubrum merupakan satu daripada dermatofit yang menyerang
tisu berkeratin seperti kulit, rambut dan kuku manusia dan haiwan.
Mutakhir kini, ubat-ubatan antikulat seperti imodazole dan triazole
didapati menyebabkan kesan sampingan, beracun kepada pesakit dan
penggunaan tidak berkesan disebabkan ketahanan kepada ubat-ubatan
ini. Sebagai salah satu alternatif, beberapa ekstrak tumbuhan telah
digunakan untuk merawat dermatofit. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan
menggunakan ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum) untuk mengkaji
kesannya ke atas pertumbuhan hifa Trichophyton menggunakan
mikroskop elektron. Bawang putih telah dikenal pasti sebagai antimikrob,
antiradang, antitrombotik dan antikanser. Hasil kajian mendapati
ekstrak bawang putih dengan kepekatan paling rendah iaitu 4 mg/mL
berupaya merencat pertumbuhan hifa. Kajian imbasan mikroskop elektron
menunjukkan ekstrak bawang putih menyebabkan pengecutan dan pemipihan
hifa, dinding selnya musnah dan hujung hifa menjadi besar. Hasil
yang sama juga ditunjukkan oleh hifa yang dirawat dengan alisin (sebagai kawalan positif). Kajian pancaran mikroskop
elektron pula mendapati hifa yang dirawat dengan alisin dan ekstrak bawang putih menunjukkan keputusan yang
hampir sama dengan berlakunya penebalan dinding sel hifa, penebalan
dalaman, penguraian kandungan sitoplasma dan pemusnahan kompartmen
sitoplasma. Hasil penemuan kajian ini membuktikan ekstrak bawang
putih dan alisin boleh diguna sebagai alternatif untuk merawat dermatofit.
Kata kunci: Alisin; ekstrak bawang putih (Allium sativum); hifa; Trichophyton rubrum
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rosimahn@putra.upm.edu.my
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