 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
The
Use of Inter-conversion Equations on Bituminous Binder Data
(Penggunaan Persamaan Antara-Penukaran ke Atas Data Pengikat Berbitumen) NUR IZZI MD. YUSOFF1*, MOHD ROSLI HAININ2, DAMIEN MOUNIER3 &
GORDON
D.
AIREY4 1Department of Civil and Structural Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Build Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Civil Engineering and Construction Research
Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor,
Malaysia 3Civil Aviation Technical Centre (STAC), CS 30012, 31 Avenue du Maréchal
Leclerc 94385 Bonneuil-Sur-Marne Cedex, France 4Nottingham Transportation Engineering Centre, University of Nottingham
University Park, NG7 2RD Nottingham, United Kingdom
Diserahkan: 19 Disember 2012/Diterima: 9 April 2013
ABSTRACT
According to the classical theory of viscoelasticity, a linear
viscoelastic (LVE)
function can be converted into another viscoelastic function even though they
emphasize different information. In this study, dynamic tests were conducted on
different conventional penetration grade bitumens using a dynamic shear
rheometer (DSR)
in the LVE region. The results showed that the dynamic data in the frequency
domain can be converted into the time domain functions using a numerical
technique. This was done with the aid of the non-linear regularization (NLREG)
computer program. The NLREG software is a computer program for
solving nonlinear ill-posed problem and is based on non-linear Tikhonov
regularization method. The use of data interconversion equation is found suitable
for converting from the frequency domain into the time domain of conventional
penetration grade bitumens.
Keywords: Complex modulus; creep compliance; master curve;
relaxation modulus
ABSTRAK
Menurut teori klasik likat kenyal, satu fungsi linear likat kenyal
(LVE)
boleh ditukar kepada fungsi likat kenyal yang lain walaupun ia menekankan
maklumat yang berbeza. Dalam kajian ini, ujian dinamik dijalankan
ke atas bitumen biasa yang berlainan gred penembusan dengan menggunakan
reometer ricih dinamik (DSR)
di dalam sempadan LVE. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa data dinamik
dalam domain frekuensi boleh ditukar kepada fungsi-fungsi dalam
domain masa dengan menggunakan teknik berangka. Ini dilakukan dengan
menggunakan bantuan perisian komputer pengaturan tidak linear (NLREG). Perisian NLREG adalah
satu program komputer yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah
tidak linear yang buruk yang timbul dan ia berdasarkan kaedah pengaturan
Tikhonov tidak linear. Penggunaan persamaan antara-penukaran data
adalah didapati sesuai untuk menukarkan domain frekuensi kepada
domain masa terhadap bitumen bergred penembusan biasa.
Kata kunci: Lengkung utama; modulus kelonggaran;
modulus kompleks; pematuhan rayap
RUJUKAN
Airey, G.D. 1997. Rheological Characteristics of
Polymer Modified and Aged Bitumens. PhD Thesis, University of
Nottingham, UK (unpublished).
Airey, G.A. 2002. Use of Black diagrams to
identify inconsistencies in rheological data. Road Materials and Pavement
Design 3: 403-424.
Anderson, M. 2010. Spring 2010 lab
corner–master curves. The Asphalt Institute Magazine.
http://www.asphaltinstitute.org/ singlenews.asp?item_ID= 2018&comm=0.
Accessed on
Baumgaertal, M. & Winter, H.H. 1989.
Determination of discrete relaxation and retardation time spectra from dynamic
mechanical data. Rheologica Acta 28: 511-519.
Dealy, J.M. & Larson, R.G. 2006. Structure
and Rheology of Molten Polymers, from Structure to Flow Behaviour and Back
Again. Munich: Hanser Publisher.
Einaga, Y., Osaki, K., Kurata, M. & Tamura,
M. 1971. Creep behaviour of polymer solutions. III. creep compliance
concentrated polystyrene solutions. Macromolecules 5: 635-640.
Emri, I., Von Bernstorff, B.S., Cvelbar, R.
& Nikonov, A. 2005. Re-examination of the approximate methods for
inter-conversion between frequency and time dependent material function. Journal
of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 129: 75-84.
Ferry, J.D. 1980. Viscoelastic Properties of
Polymers. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Goodwin, J.W. & Hughes, R.W. 2000. Rheology
for Chemists: An Introduction. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Honerkamp, J. & Weese, J. 1990. Tikhonov
regularization method for ill-posed problems. Continuum Mechanics and
Thermodynamics 2: 17-30.
Honerkamp, J & Weese, J. 1993. A non-linear
regularization method for the calculation of Relaxation Spectra. Rheologica
Acta 32: 65-73.
Mayama, M. 1997. The evaluation of heavy duty
binders in bituminous road materials. Proceedings of Institution of Civil
Engineers-Transport 123: 39-52.
Mun, S., Chehab, G.R. & Kim, Y.R. 2007.
Determination of time-domain viscoelastic functions using optimized
inter-conversion techniques. Road Material and Pavement Design 8:
351-365.
Park, S.W. & Schapery, S.A. 1999. Methods of
inter-conversion between linear viscoelastic material functions. Part I - A
numerical method based on Prony series. International Journal of Solid and
Structures 36: 1653-1675.
Park, S.W. & Kim, Y.R. 2001.
Inter-conversion between relaxation modulus and creep compliance for viscoelastic
solid. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 11: 76-82.
Plazek, J.D. & Echeverria, I. 2000. Don’t
cry for me Charlie Brown, or compliance comes comprehension. Journal of
Rheology 44: 831-841.
Provencher, S.W. 1982. CONTIN: A general purpose
constrained regularization program for inverting noisy linear algebraic and
integral equations. Computer Physics Communications 27: 229-242.
Rowe, G.M. & Sharrock, M.J. 2000. The
measurement and analysis system to accurately determine asphalt concrete
properties using the indirect tensile mode. The 1st International Symposium
on Binder Rheology and Pavement Performance the University of Calgary,
August 14-15, Alberta, Canada.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: izzi@vlsi.eng.ukm.my
|
|||
|
