Sains Malaysiana 42(1)(2013):
81–84
Frequency, Size and Location of Apical and Lateral Foramina in
Anterior Permanent Teeth
(Bilangan, Saiz dan Lokasi Foramen Apeks dan Lateral pada Gigi
Anterior)
D.A. Abdullah, S. Kanagasingam* & D.A. Luke
Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of
Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 19 Januari 2012/Diterima: 8 Jun 2012
ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to determine the frequency, size and
location of apical and lateral foramina on anterior teeth. A total of 100
anterior teeth consisting of maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines were
fixed in 10% formalin. Periodontal tissue remnants were mechanically removed
and teeth were stained in 2% aqueous silver nitrate. The teeth were dried and
examined using a Leica MZ 7.5 zoom stereomicroscope. The size of
apical and lateral foramina and their distance from the anatomical apex of the
tooth were measured directly using a calibrated eyepiece scale. Accessory
foramina more than 1.8 mm from the apex were regarded as lateral foramina.
Eighteen percent of teeth possessed more than one apical foramen. Seven teeth
(three maxillary centrals, three maxillary canines, one mandibular lateral) had
11 lateral foramina each. The mean diameter of the lateral foramina was 0.14 mm
(SD =
0.08) and their mean distance from the apex was 4.49 mm (SD = 2.63, range 1.9-10.5
mm). Multiple foramina were most common on maxillary canines and least common
on maxillary laterals. The mean diameter of apical foramina for all teeth
possessing a single foramen was 0.35 mm (SD = 0.10) and the mean apical foramen
diameter for all teeth with multiple apical foramina was 0.22 mm (SD =
0.08). Most anterior teeth possess one apical foramen and no lateral foramina;
about 20% possessed more than one apical foramen and about 10% possessed one or
more lateral foramina. These findings should be considered when root-treating
anterior teeth.
Keywords: Apical foramen; canine; incisor; root
ABSTRAK
Matlamat kajian adalah untuk menentukan frekuensi, saiz dan lokasi
foramen apeks dan foramen lateral pada gigi anterior. Satu ratus gigi anterior yang terdiri daripada gigi insisor maksila
dan mandibel serta kanin telah direndam dalam 10% formalin. Sisa-sisa tisu periodontium dibuang dan gigi-gigi kemudiannya
diwarnakan menggunakan larutan akueus argentum nitrat 2%. Gigi-gigi
tersebut dikeringkan dan diperiksa di bawah stereomikroskop Leica MZ 7.5
zoom. Saiz foramen apeks dan lateral berserta jarak dari apeks anatomi diukur
menggunakan skala kanta mata yang telah ditentu ukur. Foramen
aksesori yang melebihi 1.8 mm dari apeks dianggap sebagai foramen lateral. Didapati 18% gigi mempunyai lebih daripada satu foramen
apeks. Tujuh gigi (tiga gigi insisor sentral maksila, tiga kanin maksila
dan satu gigi insisor lateral mandibel) mempunyai 11 foramen lateral. Min diameter foramen lateral adalah 0.14 mm (SD = 0.08) dan jarak min
dari apeks adalah 4.49 mm (SD = 2.63, julat 1.9-10.5 mm). Lebih daripada satu foramen paling kerap dijumpai pada gigi kanin
maksila dan paling jarang pada insisor lateral maksila. Min diameter untuk foramen apeks bagi semua gigi dengan satu
foramen adalah 0.35 mm (SD = 0.10); min diameter bagi foramen apeks
bagi semua gigi dengan berbilang foramen adalah 0.22 mm (SD = 0.08). Kesimpulannya, kebanyakan gigi anterior mempunyai lebih daripada
satu foramen apeks dan tiada foramen lateral. Sebanyak
20% mempunyai lebih dari satu foramen apeks dan 10% mempunyai satu atau lebih
daripada satu foramen lateral. Maklumat ini perlu
dipertimbangkan ketika menjalankan rawatan akar gigi anterior.
Kata kunci: Akar; foramen apeks; incisor; kanin
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: skr38@hotmail.com
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