Sains Malaysiana 42(5)(2013):
587–596
Analisis Kualiti Air Tasik Chini Menggunakan Pendekatan Multivariat
(Lake Chini Water Quality Assessment
Using Multivariate Approach)
A.K. Ahmad*, M. Shuhaimi Othman, E.C. Lim& Z. Abd. Aziz
Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 Jun 2012/Diterima:
2 Oktober 2012
ABSTRAK
Satu analisis penentuan parameter kualiti air
yang penting untuk penilaian ekosistem cetek telah dilakukan menggunakan kaedah multivariat. Sebanyak 14 parameter kualiti air yang melibatkan komponen biologi, fizik dan kimia telah dikumpulkan setiap bulan selama satu tahun. Data dianalisis menggunakan ujian faktor yang melibatkan tiga proses iaitu mengenal pasti korelasi antara faktor, mengekstrak faktor dan seterusnya melihat kesan gabungan faktor-faktor tersebut. Proses pertama melibatkan pengelompokkan parameter yang berkorelasi kuat ke dalam faktor tersendiri dan mengeluarkan parameter yang mempunyai lebih daripada satu faktor. Analisis pengkelasan agglomeratif hierarki (HACA) dan analisis diskriminan (DA) juga dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan kelompokan dan pengaruh faktor terhadap kualiti air tasik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kualiti air Tasik Chini dipengaruhi oleh lebih daripada satu faktor. Hasil kajian menunjukkan komponen biologi dan kimia (nutrien) mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam penentuan kualiti air tasik. Parameter berasaskan biologi iaitu BOD5, COD, klorofil a dan kimia (nitrat dan ortofosfat) adalah parameter yang penting di Tasik Chini. Ketiga-tiga analisis yang dijalankan menunjukkan kepentingan penentuan komponen biologi dan kimia bagi menentukan kualiti air Tasik Chini.
Kata kunci: Ekosistem air tawar; kualiti air; limnologi; multivariat; Tasik Chini
ABSTRACT
An analysis was undertaken using the multivariate approach to
determine the important water quality for shallow lake water quality
assessment. Fourteen water quality parameters which includes biological, physical and chemical components were collected monthly
over twelve month period. The data were analysed using factor analysis which involves identification of
factor correlation, factor extraction and factor permutations. The first
process involved the clustering of high correlation parameters into its
respective factor and the removal of parameters that have more than one factor.
Agglomerative hierarchy (HACA) and discriminant analysis (DA)
were also used to exhibit the important factors that has significant influence on lake water quality. The analysis showed that Lake Chini water quality was determined by more than one factor.
The results indicated that the biological and chemical (nutrients) components
have significant influence in determining the lake water quality. The
biological parameters namely BOD5, COD, chlorophill a and chemical (nitrate and orthophosphate) are important
parameters in Lake Chini. All analysis demonstrated
the importance of biological and chemical water quality components in the
determination of Lake Chini water quality.
Keywords: Freshwater ecosystem; Lake Chini; limnology; water quality
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abas@ukm.my
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