Sains Malaysiana 42(5)(2013): 605–614

 

Makroinvertebrat Bentik sebagai Penunjuk Biologi di Sungai Kongkoi, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

(The Use of Benthic Macroinvertebrates as Bio-Indicator at Sungai Kongkoi, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)

 

A.K. Ahmad*, Z. Abd Aziz, H.Y. Fun, T.M. Ling & M. Shuhaimi Othman

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 13 Februari 2012/Diterima: 27 Ogos 2012

 

 

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian penilaian kualiti ekosistem sungai di Sungai Kongkoi di Negeri Sembilan telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan makroinvetebrat bentik sebagai penunjuk biologi. Pensampelan telah dijalankan di 5 stesen yang telah dipilih dan tiga replikasi sampel air telah diambil untuk dianalisis. Makroinvertebrat bentik telah disampel dengan menggunakan jaring Surber pada tiga titik pensampelan yang berbeza. Pengukuran in situ telah dilakukan bagi parameter suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut (DO) dan kekonduksian dengan menggunakan meter YSI 556 MPS. Analisis makmal dilakukan untuk parameter jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS), permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD5), permintaan oksigen kimia (COD) dan ammoniakal-nitrogen (NH3-N). Berdasarkan kepada indeks kualiti air (WQI) dan pengkelasan sungai di Malaysia (NWQS), Sungai Kongkoi didapati mempunyai kualiti air yang baik dan berada dalam Kelas 1. Ujian ANOVA satu hala menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan parameter kualiti air tidak berbeza dengan nyata di sepanjang stesen pensampelan (p>0.05, α=0.05). Sejumlah 2 filum, 3 kelas, 8 order, 32 famili dan 3228 individu makroinvertebrat bentik telah dikenal pasti dan didominasi oleh famili Baetidae, Perlidae, Hydropsychidae dan Elmidae. Ujian faktor menunjukkan setiap famili di atas adalah paling sesuai digunakan sebagai penunjuk biologi di kawasan rekreasi.

 

Kata kunci: Indeks kualiti air; makroinvetebrat bentik; penunjuk biologi; Sungai Kongkoi

 

ABSTRACT

A river ecosystem quality assessment was carried out at Sungai Kongkoi, Negeri Sembilan by using benthic macroinvetebrates as biological indicators. Samplings were done at 5 selected stations and three replicates of water quality measurements were conducted. Benthic macroinvetebrates samplings were done at the same stations and water samplings were done using Surber net. In situ measurement has been done for temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and conductivity using the YSI 556 MPS meter. Laboratory analysis was undertaken for total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH3-N). Our results showed that Sungai Kongkoi had an excellent water quality and can be classified as Class I according to the Malaysian water quality index (WQI) and the national water quality standard (NWQS). One-way ANOVA test showed that most water quality parameters did not differ significantly between the sampling stations (p>0.05, α= 0.05). A total of 2 phyla, 3 classes, 8 orders, 32 families and 3228 individuals were identified and dominated by Baetidae, Perlidae, Hydropsychidae and Elmidae. Factor analysis results showed that each of the above families were suitable to be used as biological indicators in recretional areas.

 

Keywords: Benthic macroinvetebrates; biological indicators; Sungai Kongkoi; water quality index

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: abas@ukm.my