Sains Malaysiana 42(6)(2013): 743–751

Kesan Antropogenik Terhadap Kualiti Air di Lembangan Sungai Marang,

Perairan Selatan Laut China Selatan

(Anthropogenic Effects on Water Quality in Marang River Basin,

Southern Coastal Water of the South China Sea)

Suhaimi Suratman* & Norhayati Mohd Tahir

Institut Oseanografi & Sekitaran (INOS), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Suhaimi Suratman* & Norhayati Mohd Tahir

Kumpulan Penyelidikan Alam Sekitar (ERG), Jabatan Sains Kimia

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu

Terengganu, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 1 Ogos 2012/Diterima: 4 Oktober 2012

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian kualiti air yang melibatkan pengukuran parameter seperti oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD), permintaan oksigen kimia (COD), jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) dan nutrien terlarut telah dijalankan di lembangan Sungai Marang bermula dari bulan Julai-September 2001. Lapan stesen pensampelan telah dipilih yang merangkumi sungai utama dan cabangannya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan julat nilai untuk DO, pH, BOD, COD dan TSS masing-masing ialah 3.5-7.5 mg/L, 5.9-8.2, 0.4-1.3 mg/L, 4.0-50.2 mg/L dan 0.3-20.4 mg/L. Kepekatan ortofosfat, jumlah fosfat terlarut, nitrit, nitrat, ammonia dan jumlah nitrogen terlarut masing-masing adalah dalam julat 27-62 μg P/L, 55-105 μg P/L, 0.5-4.1 μg N/L, 65-426 μg N/L, 16-161 μg N/L dan 128-787 μg N/L. Julat kepekatan klorofil-a pula ialah 4.06-7.75 μg/L. Kajian menunjukkan taburan nutrien dipengaruhi oleh kesan antropogenik. Berdasarkan kepada Piawai Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan, kebanyakan kepekatan nutrien boleh dikelaskan dalam Kelas I dan II. Mengikut indeks kualiti air-Jabatan Alam Sekitar, Sungai Marang berada dalam Kelas I dengan status bersih.

Kata kunci: Indeksk Kualiti Air (IKA); kualiti air; lembangan Sungai Marang; perairan selatan Laut China Selatan (Malaysia); Piawai Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (INWQS)

ABSTRACT

A water quality study which involved the measurement of parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and dissolved nutrients has been carried out in Marang River basin, Terengganu from July-September 2001. Eight sampling stations were chosen to represent the main river and its tributaries. The results showed that the range of values for DO, pH, BOD, COD and TSS were 3.5-7.5 mg/L, 5.9-8.2, 0.4-1.3 mg/L, 4.0-50.2 mg/L and 0.3-20.4 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of orthophosphate, total dissolved phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia and total dissolved nitrogen were in the range of 27-62 μg P/L, 55-105 μg P/L, 0.5-4.1 μg N/L, 65-426 μg N/L, 16-161 μg N/L dan 128-787μg N/L, respectively. The range of concentration of chlorophyll-a was 4.06-7.75 μg/L. The study showed that most of the nutrient concentrations were affected by the anthropogenic effects. Based on the Interim National Water Quality Standards, most of the nutrient concentrations can be classified in Class I and II. According to Water Quality Index-Department of Environment, Marang River basin was in Class I with the status of clean.

Keywords: Marang River basin; National Interim Water Quality Standards (INWQS); southern coastal water of the South China Sea (Malaysia); water quality; Water Quality Index (WQI)

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: miman@umt.edu.my