Sains Malaysiana 43(11)(2014): 1737–1742
Dermatomycoses
in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
(Dermatomikosis di Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
M.N. TZAR1*, Z.R. ZETTI1, R. RAMLIZA1, A.S. SHARIFAH1 & M. LEELAVATHI2
1Department of Medical
Microbiology & Immunology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras,
56000 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
2Department of Family
Medicine (Dermatology Unit), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras,
56000 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 27 Februari 2013/Diterima: 7 April 2014
ABSTRACT
Prevalence of dermatomycoses varies from one centre to another due
to many factors. Knowledge of local prevalence is useful to aid clinical
diagnosis and treatment. Due to lack of data in Malaysia, this study aimed to
look at the causes of dermatomycoses in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Dermatological
specimens including skin scrapings, hair and nail clippings were collected
carefully from clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses between 2008 and
2010. All cultures of skin, hair and nails that yielded positive fungal growth
were included. Any fungal growth outside the streaking area, duplicate and
incomplete data were excluded from the study. Three-hundred-fifty-eight
patients were included. Male patients were slightly more than females with a
ratio of 1.2:1. The median age was 53 years old with interquartile range of
38-64 years. More than half (53.6%) belonged to 20-60 years age group. Rates of
culture isolation were 89.0% for nails, 56.2% for hair and 55.6% for skin.
Five-hundred-twenty-two fungi were isolated from 358 clinical specimens.
Non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) represented the largest group
(50.5%; mainly Aspergillus species
18.7%), followed by yeasts (41.6%; mainly Candida species 26.8%) and
dermatophytes (7.9%; mainly Trichophyton species 7.7%). In conclusion, NDMs
and yeasts were more commonly isolated than dermatophytes from dermatological
specimens in this centre. Current treatment regime that focuses on
dermatophytes may be ineffective to treat dermatomycoses caused by NDMs
or yeasts. Antifungal susceptibility study may be needed to guide therapy in
recalcitrant cases.
Keywords: Dermatology; dermatomycoses; dermatophytes; fungi; mould
ABSTRAK
Prevalen dermatomikosis adalah berbeza dari
satu-satu tempat disebabkan pelbagai faktor. Pengetahuan mengenai prevalen
setempat adalah berguna bagi membantu diagnosis dan rawatan klinikal. Berikutan ketiadaan data di Malaysia, kajian ini ingin mencari
penyebab dermatomikosis di Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Spesimen
dermatologi seperti kikisan kulit, rambut dan ketipan kuku dikumpul
berhati-hati daripada kes-kes dermatomikosis yang disyaki secara klinikal
antara tahun 2008 dan 2010. Semua kultur kulit,
rambut dan kuku yang positif telah dipilih. Sebarang pertumbuhan kulat di luar
kawasan goresan kultur, data yang berulang atau tidak
lengkap telah dikeluarkan daripada kajian. Tiga ratus lima puluh lapan pesakit telah dipilih. Lelaki lebih ramai
daripada perempuan dengan nisbah 1.2:1. Umur
pertengahan adalah 53 tahun dengan julat antara suku 38-64 tahun. Lebih daripada separuh (53.6%) berumur 20-60 tahun. Kadar
pemencilan kultur adalah 89.0% untuk kuku, 56.2% untuk rambut dan 55.6% untuk
kulit. Lima ratus dua puluh dua kulat telah dipencil daripada
358 spesimen klinikal. Kulapuk bukan dermatofit (NDMs)
mewakili kumpulan terbesar (50.5%; terutamanya Aspergillus species 18.7%), diikuti oleh yis (41.6%; terutamanya Candida species 26.8%) dan dermatofit (7.9%;
terutamanya Trichophyton species 7.7%). Kesimpulannya, NDMs dan yis adalah lebih kerap
dipencil berbanding dermatofit daripada spesimen dermatologi di pusat perubatan
ini. Cara rawatan kini yang memfokus pada dermatofit
mungkin tidak berkesan untuk merawat dermatofit yang disebabkan oleh NDMs
atau yis. Kajian kerentanan antikulat mungkin
diperlukan untuk membantu rawatan dalam kes-kes yang sukar.
Kata kunci: Dermatofit; dermatologi;
dermatomikosis; kulapuk; kulat
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: tzar@ppukm.ukm.edu.my
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