Sains Malaysiana 43(3)(2014):
321–329
Surface Ozone Trend in Major Rice Growing Areas in
Malaysia
(Tren Ozon Permukaan di Kawasan Penanaman Padi Utama di Malaysia)
MARZUKI ISMAIL1*, AZRIN
SUROTO1, NURUL
AIN
ISMAIL1& MOHD TALIB LATIF2
1Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
2School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty
of Science and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 19 Oktober 2012/Diterima: 13 Jun 2013
ABSTRACT
Surface ozone or tropospheric ozone has been recognized as one of
major factors that can give adverse impact on crops including rice plants.
Effects of ozone on rice plants could be seen in decreased of biochemical
activities and physiological performance which contributes to yield reduction.
In Malaysia, surface ozone is on the rise due to increment anthropogenic
sources i.e. urbanization, transportation and also industrialization process.
This condition is alarming due to the facts that rice is the major staple food
to the majority of Malaysian population. In this study, exceedence of ozone exposure above an hourly threshold concentration of 40 ppb (AOT40)
and ozone trends in four major rice growing areas in Malaysia were assessed
using time series analysis of ozone data recorded in each area from January
2000 until December 2010 with a total of 132 readings. The results showed a
steady increased in exceedence ozone of yearly AOT40 and statistical significant upward trend for ozone concentrations
in each rice growing area in Malaysia. This finding was particularly alarming
because ozone is able to inhibit production of rice yields. Preventive actions
need to be implemented as soon as possible in order to alleviate ozone threat
to our national food security agenda.
Keywords: Accumulate ozone exposure above an hourly threshold
concentration of 40 ppb; rice growing area; surface ozone; trend analysis
ABSTRAK
Ozon permukaan atau ozon troposfera telah dikenal pasti sebagai salah satu faktor utama yang boleh memberi kesan buruk kepada tanaman termasuk padi. Kesan ozon pada tanaman padi boleh dilihat dalam penurunan aktiviti biokimia dan prestasi fisiologi yang menyumbang kepada pengurangan hasil. Di Malaysia, ozon permukaan semakin meningkat disebabkan peningkatan sumber antropogenik iaitu perbandaran, pengangkutan dan juga proses perindustrian. Keadaan ini adalah membimbangkan kerana berdasarkan fakta, beras adalah makanan ruji utama kepada majoriti penduduk Malaysia. Dalam kajian ini, kepekatan pendedahan ozon di atas kepekatan ambang jam 40 ppb (AOT40) dan tren ozon di empat kawasan utama tanaman padi di Malaysia telah dinilai menggunakan analisis siri masa data ozon yang direkodkan pada setiap kawasan dari Januari 2000 hingga Disember 2010 dengan sebanyak 132 bacaan. Keputusan menunjukkan peningkatan yang stabil dalam lebihan ozon daripada AOT40 tahunan dan tren menaik yang ketara secara statistik untuk kepekatan ozon di setiap kawasan penanaman padi di Malaysia. Penemuan ini amat membimbangkan kerana ozon dapat menghalang pengeluaran hasil padi. Tindakan pencegahan perlu dilaksanakan secepat mungkin untuk mengurangkan ancaman ozon terhadap agenda keselamatan makanan negara.
Kata kunci: Analisis tren; kawasan tanaman padi; pendedahan ozon yang terkumpul di atas kepekatan ambang 40 ppb per jam; ozon permukaan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: marzuki@umt.edu.my
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