Sains Malaysiana 43(6)(2014): 959–966

Effect of Nano- and Micro- Reinforced Agents on Dry Sliding Wear of Polyester Composites

(Kesan Agen Memperteguh Nano-dan Mikro-terhadap Haus

Gelongsor Kering Komposit Poliester )

CHONG MENG MUN*, CHANG SIANG YEE, NORAIHAM MUHAMMAD,

ZULKIFLI BIN MOHD ROSLI & QUMRUL AHSAN

Department of Engineering Material, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 4 April 2013/Diterima: 10 Januari 2014

ABSTRACT

Dry sliding wear of polyester hybrid composites containing carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and microparticles, silica (SiO2) was studied at different sliding distances. An attempt has been made to produce uniform dispersion of nano- and micro- particles in the test samples by ultrasonication. The tribological properties of the hybrid composites were performed by using pin-on-disc (POD) tester against grey cast iron countersurface. The dry sliding wear tests were carried out under pressure-velocity (pv) condition of 0.4 MPa and 4 m/s for total sliding distance of 28800 m and at an interval of every sliding distance of 3600 m, wear properties and behavior were studied. The samples containing 10 wt.% silica (microparticles) with and without CNT always show increase in coefficient of friction at the expense of wear rate. However, samples containing only CNT have the lowest wear rate with the increase in coefficient of friction. Sliding distance studies also provide the information on wear rates which were ever changing at different sliding distances whereas average coefficient of friction did not vary throughout the tests. SEM observations of wear surfaces showed different wear morphologies when reinforcement (CNT or SiO2) incorporated into the composites either alone or in combination.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; silica; wear behavior

ABSTRAK

Komposit hibrid poliester yang mengandungi fungsi karbosilik pelbagai dinding karbon tiub nano (CNT) dan mikropartikel, silika (SiO2) telah dikaji tentang kehausan gelongsor kering pada beberapa jarak gelongsor. Percubaan serakan seragam telah dijalankan dengan penggunaan ultrasonikasi untuk menyerakkan nano- dan mikro- partikel dalam komposit. Ciri tribologikal komposit hibrid telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan penguji pin atas cakera (POD) terhadap permukaan kaunter besi tuang kelabu. Ujian haus gelongsor kering telah dijalankan dalam keadaan gelongsor yang mempunyai daya tekanan 0.4 MPa dan halaju 4 m/s bagi jumlah jarak gelongsor sebanyak 28800 m pada jarak gelongsor setiap 3600 m. Sampel yang mengandungi 10 %.bt silika (mikropartikel) dengan atau tanpa CNT sentiasa menunjukkan peningkatan dalam pekali geseran dan kadar haus. Walau bagaimanapun, sampel yang mengandungi CNT sahaja mempunyai ketahanan haus yang terendah dan pekali geseran tertinggi dalam ketiga-tiga komposit. Kajian pada jarak gelongsor juga menunjukkan bahawa kadar haus sentiasa berubah pada jarak gelongsor yang berbeza manakala pekali geseran tidak mempunyai perbezaan yang ketara sepanjang ujian. Cerapan SEM pada permukaan haus menunjukkan morfologi yang berbeza apabila poliester bergabung dengan satu jenis partikel (CNT atau silika) atau kedua-dua jenis partikel (CNT dan silika).

Kata kunci: Haus; karbon tiub nano; silika

RUJUKAN

Ahir, S.V. & Terentjev, E.M. 2007. Polymers containing carbon nanotubes: Active composite materials. In Polymeric Nanostructures and Their Applications, edited by Nalwa, H.S. USA: American Scientific Publishers.

Bayer, R.G. 2004. Engineering Design for Wear. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 1-2.

Bugnicourt, E., Galy, J., Gerard, J. & Barthel, H. 2007. Effect of sub-micron silica fillers on the mechanical performances of epoxy-based composites. Polymer 48: 1596-1605.

Chauhan, S.R., Kumar, A. & Singh, I. 2010. Sliding friction and wear behavior of vinylester and its composites under dry and water lubricated sliding conditions. Materials and Design 31: 2745-2751.

Chen, H., Jacobs, O., Wu, W., Rudiger, G. & Schadel, B. 2007. Effect of dispersion method on tribological properties of carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy resin composites. Polymer Testing 26: 351-360.

Feyzullahoglu, E. & Saffak, Z. 2008. The tribological behavior of different engineering plastics under dry frction conditions. Materials and Design 29: 205-211.

Kanchanomai, C., Noraphaiphipaksa, N. & Mutoh, Y. 2011. Wear characteristic of epoxy resin filled with crushed-silica particles. Composites: Part B 42: 1446-1452.

Laurent, C. & Peigney, A. 2004. Carbon nanotubes in composite materials. In Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, edited by Nalwa, H.S. USA: American Scientific Publishers.

Ma, P.C., Siddiqui, N.A., Mrom, G. & Kim, J.K. 2010. Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: A review. Composites: Part A 41: 1345-1367.

Men, X.H., Zhang, Z.Z., Song, H.J., Wang, K. & Jiang. W. 2008. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes to improve the tribological properties of poly(furfuryl alcohol) composite coatings. Composites Science and Technology 68: 1042-1049.

Song, H.J. & Zhang, Z.Z. 2006. Study on the tribological and hydrophobic behaviors of phenolic coatings reforced with PFW, PTFE and FEP. Surface & Coatings Technology 201: 1037-1044.

Stachowiak, G.W. 2005. Wear: Materials, Mechanisms and Practice. New York: Wiley. pp. 291-315.

Xing, X.S. & Li, R.K.Y. 2004. Wear behavior of epoxy matrix composites filled with uniform sized sub-micron spherical silica particles. Wear 256: 21-26.

Zhang, L.C., Zarudi, I. & Xiao, K.Q. 2007. Novel behavior of friction and wear of epoxy composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes. Wear 261: 806-811.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: cmm@student.utem.edu.my