 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Enhancing Biodegradation of Crude Oil in Soil Using
Fertilizer and Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm
(Peningkatan
Biodegradasi Minyak Mentah dalam Tanah Menggunakan Baja dan Tandan Kosong Buah
daripada Kelapa Sawit)
AINON HAMZAH1*, SITI NURSYAZANA MD SALLEH1 & SUKIMAN SARMANI2
1School of Biosciences
and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2School of Chemical and
Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 30 Disember
2012/Diterima: 4 Mac 2014
ABSTRACT
Bioremediation of
crude oil using biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation was done by simulation
study in the green house under uncontrolled environment temperature. In this
study, the soil with indigenous microbes was spiked with Tapis crude oil at 200
g/kg. The microbial density of the amended soils was augmented by addition of
fresh inoculum of microbial consortium which consist of Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKMP-14T, Acinetobacter
baumannii UKMP-12T and seed culture two strains of fungi, Trichoderma
virens UKMP-1M and Trichoderma virens UKMP-2M at
ratio 1:1:1:1 (v/w). The amendment soil was added with 20% (v/w) of standardize
consortium inoculum, 20% (w/w) of dried empty fruit bunch (EFB) and
the effect of EFB was compared with 0.7% commercial fertilizer (v/w)
which contain NPK (8:8:1). Soil with indigenous microbes was used as a
control. Results showed total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation
for treatment added with NPK fertilizer was 70.36%, addition
with EFB bulking agent 68.86% and addition of both NPK and EFB was 100% at day 30 of incubation. The control plot, 62% of TPH degradation
was achieved after 30 days incubation.
Keywords:
Bioaugmentation; biostimulation; microbial consortium
ABSTRAK
Bioremediasi minyak
mentah menggunakan biostimulasi dan/atau bioaugmentasi telah dijalankan secara
kajian simulasi di dalam rumah tumbuhan dengan suhu persekitaran tidak dikawal.
Dalam kajian ini, tanah yang mengandungi mikrob indigenus telah ditambah dengan
minyak mentah Tapis pada 200 g/kg. Kepadatan mikrob dalam tanah yang diubahsuai
telah ditambah dengan inokulum segar konsortium mikrob yang terdiri daripada Pseudomonas aeruginosa UKMP-14T, Acinetobacter
baumannii UKMP-12T dan kultur benih dua strain kulat Trichoderma
virens UKMP-1M dan Trichoderma virens UKMP-2M pada
nisbah 1:1:1:1 (i/b). Tanah yang diubahsuai ditambah dengan 20% (i/b) inokulum
piawai konsortia, 20% (b/b) tandan kosong buah kelapa sawit (EFB) yang
telah dikeringkan dan kesan EFB telah dibandingkan dengan
0.7% baja komersil (i/b) yang mengandungi NPK (8:8:1).
Tanah dengan mikrob indigenus dijadikan sebagai kawalan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan
degradasi TPH bagi rawatan yang ditambah dengan baja NPK adalah
70.36%, penambahan agen pemukal EFB ialah 68.86% dan penambahan
kedua-dua NPK dan EFB adalah 100% pada hari ke 30
eraman. Plot kawalan pula menunjukkan 62% degradasi TPH telah
dicapai selepas 30 hari pengeraman.
Kata kunci: Bioaugmentasi; biostimulasi: konsortium mikrob
RUJUKAN
Ainon, H. & Raja
Farzarul Hanim, R.A. 2006. Identification and optimization of bacteria
potential in degrading crude oil isolates from wastewater, groundwater and
sludge contaminated oil. Proceeding 28th Symposium of the Malaysian Society
for Microbiology. 10-13.
Ainon, H., Amir, R., Raja
Farzarul Hanim, R.A. & Noor Aini, Y. 2010a. Isolation and characterization
of bacteria degrading Sumandak and South Angsi Oils. Sains Malaysiana 39(2):161-168.
Ainon, H., Sukiman, S.
& Siti Nursyazana, M.S. 2010b. Biostimulation of microbial consortia in
degrading crude oil in soil. Proceeding of the 11th Symposium Malaysian
Society for Applied Biology 643-647.
Ainon, H., Mazni,
A.Z., Aidil, A.H., Othman, O. & Sahidan, S. 2012. Optimal physical and
nutrient parameters for growth of Trichoderma virens UKMP-1M for heavy
crude oil degradation. Sains Malaysiana 41(1): 71-79.
Alisi, C., Musella,
R., Tasso, F., Ubaldi, C., Manzo, S., Cremisini, C., & Sprocati, A.R. 2009.
Bioremediation of diesel oil in a co-contaminated soil by bioaugmentation with
a microbial formula tailored with native strains selected for heavy metals
resistance. Science of the Total Environment 407: 3024-3032.
Boodoosingh, R., Swan,
C., Desmarais, A.M. & Beckles, D.M. 2007. The effect of bulking agent and
initial contaminant concentration on the biodegradation of total petroleum
hydrocarbons. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Soils,
Sediments, Water and Energy 12: Article 23.
Bento, F.M., Camargo,
F.A.O., Okeke, B.C. & Frankenberger, W.T. 2005. Comparative bioremediation
of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, biostimulation
and bioaugmentation. Bioresource Technology 96:1049–1055.
Chorom, M., Sharifi,
H.S. & Motamedi, H. 2010. Bioremediation of a crude oil-polluted soil by
application of fertilizers. Iran Journal Environmental Health Science
Engineering 7 (4):319-326.
Cunningham, C.J. &
Philp, J.C. 2000. Comparison of bioaugmentation and biostimulation in ex
situ treatment of diesel contaminated soil. Land Contamination &
Reclamation 8:261-269.
Embar, K., Forgacs, C.
& Sivan, A. 2006. The role of indigenous bacterial and fungal soil
populations in the biodegradation of crude oil in a desert soil. Biodegradation 17: 369-377.
Mirdamadian, S.H.,
Emtiazi, G., Golabi, M.H. & Ghanavati, H. 2010. Biodegradation of petroleum
and aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria isolated from petroleum-contaminated
soil. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology 1 (1): 1-5.
Molina-Barahona, L.,
Rodr´ıguez-Vázquez, R., Hernández- Velasco, M., Vega-Jarqu´ın, C.,
Zapata-Pérez, O., Mendoza- Cantú, A. & Albores, A. 2004. Diesel removal
from contaminated soils by biostimulation and supplementation with crop
residues. Applied Soil Ecology 27 (2): 165–175.
Pala, D.M., de Souza,
J.A., de Carvalho, D.D. & Sant’ Anna Jr, G.L. 2005. Effect of bulking
agents and clay content on bioremediation of diesel-contaminated soils. Mercosur
Congress on Process Systems Engineering. 1-10.
Rhykerd, R.L., Sen,
D., McInnes, K.J. & Weaver, R.W. 1998. Volatilization of crude oil from
soil amended with bulking agent. Soil Science 163: 87-92.
Sarkar, D., Fergusson,
M., Dutta, R. & Birnbaum, S. 2005. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons
in contaminated soils: Comparison of biosolids addition, carbon supplementation
and monitored natural attenuation. Environmental Pollution 136: 187-195.
Sathishkumar, M.,
Binupriya, A.R., Baik, S-H. & Yun, S-E. 2008. Biodegradation of crude oil
by individual bacterial strains and a mixed bacterial consortium isolated from
hydrocarbon contaminated areas. CLEAN- Soil, Air, Water 35(1): 92-96.
Siti Nursyazana, M.S.,
Ainon, H. & Sukiman, S. 2011. Effect of inoculum size of microbial
consortium in degrading various concentrations of Tapis crude oil in soil. International
Congress of the Malaysian Society for Microbiology 329-333.
Shabir, G., Afzal, M.,
Anwar, F., Tahseen, R. & Khalid, Z.M. 2008. Biodegradation of kerosene in
soil by a mixed bacterial culture under different nutrient conditions. International
Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 61: 161-166.
Trejo-Hernandez, M.R.,
Ortiz, A., Okoh, A.I., Morales, D. & Quintero, R. 2006. Biodegradation of
heavy crude oil Maya using spent compost and sugar cane bagasse wastes. Chemosphere 68: 848-855.
Tyagi, M., da Foncesa,
M.R.M. & de Carvalho, C.C.C.R. 2011. Bioaugmentation and biostimulation
strategies to improve the effectiveness of bioremediation processes. Biodegradation 22: 231-241.
Yahya, A., Sye, C.P.,
Ishola, T.A. & Suryanto, H. 2010. Effect of adding palm oil mill decanter
cake slurry with regular turning operation on the composing process and quality
of compost from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Bioresource Technology 101:
8736-8741.
Zhong, Y., Luan, T.,
Wang, X., Lan, C. & Tam, N.F.Y. 2007. Influence of growth medium on
cometabolic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Sphingomonas sp.
strain PheB4. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 75(1): 175-186.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat: email: antara@ukm.edu.my
|
|||
|
