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Characterization of Spatial Patterns
in River Water Quality Using Chemometric Techniques
(Pengenalpastian Corak Reruang Kualiti Air Sungai Menggunakan Teknik Kimometrik)
NORSHIDAH
BAHARUDDIN1, NOR'ASHIKIN
SAIM*2, SHARIFUDDIN M. ZAIN3,
HAFIZAN JUAHIR4, ROZITA OSMAN2 & AZIAH AZIZ1
1Sirim Berhad, 40700 Shah Alam,
Selangor, D.E. Malaysia
2Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor,
D.E. Malaysia
3Department of
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
56000
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
4East Coast
Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin
21300
Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 28 November 2013/Diterima: 31 Januari 2014
ABSTRACT
Water pollution has
become a growing threat to human society and natural ecosystem in recent
decades, increasing the need to better understand the variabilities of pollutants within aquatic systems. This study presents the application of
two chemometric techniques, namely, cluster analysis
(CA) and principal
component analysis (PCA).
This is to classify and identify the water quality variables into groups of
similarities or dissimilarities and to determine their significance. Six
stations along Kinta River, Perak, were monitored for 30 physical and chemical
parameters during the period of 1997–2006. Using CA,
the 30 physical and chemical parameters were classified into 4 clusters; PCA was applied to the
datasets and resulted in 10 varifactors with a total
variance of 78.06%. The varifactors obtained
indicated the significance of each of the variables to the pollution of Kinta
River.
Keywords: Chemometrics; cluster analysis; ecosystems; principal
component analysis
ABSTRAK
Pencemaran air telah menjadi satu ancaman yang semakin meningkat kepada masyarakat dan ekosistem sejak kebelakangan ini dan ini memerlukan kajian berkaitan dengan punca pencemaran dalam sistem akuatik. Kajian ini menggunakan dua teknik kimometriks di dalam penganalisaan data, iaitu, analisis pengelasan (CA) dan analisis prinsip komponen (PCA). Teknik ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti dan mengelaskan pembolehubah kualiti air ke dalam kumpulan persamaan atau ketidaksamaan dan untuk menentukan kepentingannya terhadap kualiti air Sungai Kinta. Enam stesen di sepanjang Sungai Kinta telah dipantau untuk 30 parameter fizikal dan kimia dalam tempoh 1997-2006. Menggunakan kaedah CA,
30 parameter fizikal dan kimia telah dikelaskan kepada 4 kelompok; PCA telah digunakan untuk dataset dan menghasilkan 10 varifaktor dengan varians 78.06%. Varifaktor yang diperoleh menunjukkan kepentingan setiap pembolehubah terhadap pencemaran di Sungai
Kinta.
Kata kunci: Analisis kluster; analisis komponen utama; ekosistem; kimometriks
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: noras691@salam.uitm.edu.my
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