Sains Malaysiana 43(9)(2014): 1397–1403
Water Hyacinth Bioremediation for
Ceramic Industry Wastewater Treatment-Application
of Rhizofiltration System
(Biopemulihan
Keladi Bunting untuk Industri Air Sisa Seramik Aplikasi Perawatan Sistem
Rizoturasan)
SITI HANNA ELIAS1, MAKETAB MOHAMED2, AZNAH NOR-ANUAR2, KHALIDA MUDA2, MOHD ARIF HAKIMI MAT HASSAN1, MOHD. NOR OTHMAN2 & SHREESHIVADASAN CHELLIAPAN3
1Department
of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
2Institute
of Environment and Water Resource Management (IPASA)
Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
3UTM Razak
School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
28 Jun 2013/Diterima: 31 Januari 2014
ABSTRACT
In the present study,
capability of water hyacinth in removing heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd),
Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), and Boron (B) in ceramic
wastewater was investigated. The metal removal efficiency was identified by
evaluating the translocation of metals in roots, leaves and shoot of water
hyacinth. The heavy metal removal efficiency followed the order
Fe>Zn>Cd>Cu>Cr>B during the treatment process. Water hyacinth
had luxury consumption of those 6 elements. This study used the circulation
system with 3 columns of plants which functioned as bioremediation of the
sample. The concentration of metals in roots is much higher 10 times than
leaves and stems. Roots give the result of metalR>metalL. The removal
concentration from water hyacinth was estimated under pH of 8.21 to 8.49. This
study proves water hyacinth to be a best plant for phytoremediation process.
Keywords: Ceramic
wastewater; heavy metal removal; rhizofiltration; water hyacinth
ABSTRAK
Dalam kajian ini,
keupayaan keladi bunting dalam mengeluarkan logam berat seperti Kadmium (Cd),
Kromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), zink (Zn), mangan (Mn), besi (Fe) dan Boron (B)
dalam air sisa seramik telah dikaji. Kecekapan penyingkiran logam telah dikenal
pasti dengan menilai translokasi logam dalam akar, daun dan pucuk keladi
bunting. Kecekapan penyingkiran logam berat diikuti dengan susunan
Fe>Zn>Cd>Cu>Cr>B semasa proses rawatan. Keladi bunting mempunyai
penyerapan terbesar terhadap 6 elemen ini. Kajian ini menggunakan sistem
peredaran dengan 3 bahagian tumbuh-tumbuhan yang berfungsi sebagai biopemulihan
sampel. Kepekatan logam dalam akar adalah lebih tinggi 10 kali ganda daripada
daun dan batang. Akar memberikan hasil metalR>metalL. Kepekatan penyingkiran
logam daripada keladi bunting dianggarkan di bawah pH8,21-8,49. Kajian ini
membuktikan air gondok menjadi komponen terbaik untuk proses fitopemulihan.
Kata kunci: Air sisa seramik; keladi bunting; penyingkiran logam
berat; rizoturasan
RUJUKAN
Asheesh,
K.Y., Rouzbeh, A., Naresh, K., Santosh, S., Sreekrishnan, T.R. & Mishra,
B.K. 2012. The removal of heavy metals in wetland microcosms: Effects of bed
depth, plant species, and metal mobility. Chemical Engineering Journal 211-212:
501-507.
Barros,
M.C., Bello, P., Roca, E. & Casares, J.J. 2007. Integrated pollution
prevention and control for heavy ceramic industry in Galicia (NW Spain). Journal
of Hazardous Materials 141: 680-692.
Chong,
M.F., Lee, K.P., Chieng, H.J. & Ramli, I.S. 2009. Removal of boron from
ceramic industry wastewater by adsorption-flocculation mechanism using palm oil
mill boiler (POMB) bottom ash and polymer. Water Research Journal 43:
3326-3334.
Garcia,
C.M., Quesada, D.E., Villarejo, L.P., Godino, F.J.I. & Iglesias, F.A.C.
2011. Sludge valorization from wastewater treatment plant to its application on
the ceramic industry. Journal of Environmental Management 95: 343-348.
Hammad,
D.M. 2011. Cu, Ni and Zn phytoremediation and translocation by water hyacinth
plant at different aquatic environments Australian. Journal of Basic and
Applied Sciences 5-11: 11-22.
Henderson,
L. 2001. Alien Weeds and Invasive Plants. Plant Protection Research Institute
Handbook No. 12. Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria. pp. 1-300.
Karia,
G.L. & Christian, R.A. 2006. Wastewater Treatment Concepts and Design
Approach. Eastern Economy Edition of India. New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
Keith,
C., Borazjani, H., Dieh, S.V., Su, Y. & Baldwin, B.S. 2006. Removal of
copper, chromium, and arsenic by water hyacinths. 36th Annual Mississippi
Water Resources Conference, Mississippi State University.
Lee,
M.H. & Yang, M.J. 2010. Rhizofiltration using sunflower (Helianthus
annuus L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. vulgaris) to remediate uranium contaminated groundwater. Journal
of Hazardous Materials 173: 589-596.
Mishra,
V.K. & Tripathi, B.D. 2009. Accumulation of chromium and zinc from aqueous
solutions using water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes). Journal of Hazard Mater. 164: 1059-1063.
Mufarrege,
M.M., Hadad, H.R. & Maine, M.A. 2010. Response of pistiastratiotes to
heavy metals (Cr, Ni, and Zn) and phosphorous. Arch Environ ContamToxicol. 58:
53-61.
Narendranathan,
N. 2004. Leachates in Landfills Notes. Workshop on New Technologies for Cost
Effective Landfill Management, Kuala Lumpur.
Nedelkoska,
T.J. & Doran, P.M. 2000. Hyperaccumulation of cadmium by hairy roots of Thlaspi caerulescens. Biotechnol.
Bioengineering 67: 607- 615.
Penfound,
W. & Earle, T. 1948. Biology of water hyacinth. Ecol. Monogr. 18:
447-472.
Prabir,
G., Amar, N.S. & Subhabrata, R. 2010. Reduction of COD and removal of
Zn2+from rayon industry wastewater by combinedelectro-Fenton treatment and chemical
precipitation. Desalination 266: 1-3.
Saunders,
P. 2013. Purple root water hyacinth - A natural remedy for pollution.
Biological cleaning, potable water, waste water, water conservation, water
contaminaton & loss, ISIS. Permaculture Forums, Courses, Information &
News. September 2013.
Stout,
L. & Nusslein, K. 2010. Biotechnological potential of aquatic plant-microbe
interactions. Current Opinion in Environmental Biotechnology 21:
339-345.
Weiner,
R.W. 2012. Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical
Guide. 3ed ed. New York: CRC Press. p. 496.
Yadav,
B.K., Siebel, M.A. & Bruggen, J.J.A. 2011. Rhizofiltration of a heavy metal
(lead) containing wastewater using the Wetland plant carexpendula. Clean -
Soil, Air, Water. 39: 467-474.
Zanxin,
W. & Margaret, M.C. 2012. Environmental and economic analysis of
application of water hyacinth foreutrophic water treatment coupled with biogas
production. Journal of Environmental Management 110: 246-253.
Zimmels,
Y., Kirzhner, F. & Malkovskaja, A. 2006. Application of Eichhorniacrassipes and Pistiastratiotes for treatment of urban sewage in Israel. Journal
of Environmental Management 81: 420-428.
*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: hansz_el@yahoo.com
|