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Sains Malaysiana 45(7)(2016): 1089–1095 Phylogenetic Relationships of Waders
(Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae)
in Sarawak Inferred from Cytochrome Oxidase I and Recombinant
Activating Gene 1 (Hubungan Filogenetik Burung Laut (Charadriiformers: Scolopacidae) di Sarawak yang Tersimpul
daripada Sitokrom
Oksidase I dan Rekombinan Gen Pengaktif 1) NURUL ASHIKEEN
AB
RAZAK1*,
MUSTAFA
ABDUL
RAHMAN2
& ANDREW ALEK TUEN1
1Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental
Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300Kota
Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2University College
Sabah Foundation, Jalan Sanzac,
88100 Sembulan, Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah Negeri di Bawah
Bayu, Malaysia Diserahkan: 25 November 2014/Diterima:
30 Januari 2016 ABSTRACT Family Scolopacidae
includes the sandpipers, shanks, snipes, godwits and curlews.
Systematic classifications of shorebirds at the higher level have
been successfully resolved. Nevertheless, the phylogeny of shorebirds
in the familial level is still poorly understood. Thus, this phylogenetic
study on Scolopacidae was conducted
upon the framework provided by the first sequence-based species-level
phylogeny within the shorebirds to determine the phylogenetic
relationships among family members of Scolopacidae
in West Borneo, Sarawak using combined gene markers, mtDNA Cytochrome
Oxidise I (COI) and nucDNA Recombinant
Activating Gene 1 (RAG1). A total of 1,342 base pair (bp) were inferred from both COI and
RAG1
gene from 45 sequences constituted of 15 species
Scolopacidae sampled from Sarawak namely Xenus cinereus, Actitis
hypoleucos, Tringa
totanus, Tringa glareola, Tringa stagnatilis, Heteroscelus brevipes, Calidris alba, Calidris ruficollis, Calidris ferruginea, Calidris tenuirostris, Calidris alpina, Gallinago stenura, Gallinago megala, Numenius arquata, and Numenius phaeopus. The phylogenetic
tree was constructed with Charadrius
mongulus derived as an
outgroup. The Bayesian Inference (BI) tree constructed supported grouping
of species into several lineages of Numeniinae,
Calidrinae, Scolopacinae
and Tringinae. The groupings of species
into several lineages correlate with morphological features that
contribute to their adaptation and ability of the species to fit
to their ecosystems. Keywords: Cytochrome Oxidase
I; phylogenetic; Recombinant Activating Gene 1; waders ABSTRAK Famili Scolopacidae merangkumi
burung kedidi
biasa, burung kedidi
kaki merah, burung
berkek dan burung
kedidi kendi. Pengelasan
sistematik burung laut pada peringkat
lebih tinggi
telah berjaya diselesaikan.
Namun,
filogeni burung laut pada peringkat
famili masih
belum difahami. Sehubungan itu, kajian filogenetik
ke atas Scolopacidae
telah dijalankan
mengikut rangka kerja yang diberikan oleh filogeni berasaskan-urutan-pertama
aras-spesies dalam
kalangan burung laut untuk mengenal
pasti hubungan
filogenetik dalam kalangan family Scolopacidae di
barat Borneo, Sarawak, menggunakan
penanda molekul
berbeza; mtDNA Siktokrom Oksidase I (COI)
dan nucDNA Recombinan Gen Pengaktif 1 (RAG1).
Sejumlah 1,342 pasangan
asas (bp) diperoleh
daripada kedua-dua
jenis gen COI dan
RAG1
daripada 45 jujukan
merangkumi 15 spesies
Scolopacidae yang disampel dari Sarawak iaitu Xenus cinereus, Actitis
hypoleucos, Tringa
totanus, Tringa glareola, Tringa stagnatilis, Heteroscelus brevipes, Calidris alba, Calidris ruficollis, Calidris ferruginea, Calidris tenuirostris, Calidris alpina, Gallinago stenura, Gallinago megala, Numenius arquata dan Numenius phaeopus. Pokok filogenetik telah
dibina menggunakan
Charadrius mongulus sebagai kumpulan luar. Pokok Bayesian Inference (BI) yang dibina
menyokong perkumpulan
spesies mengikut keturunan masing-masing iaitu Numeniinae, Calidrinae, Scolopacinae dan Tringinae. Perkumpulan spesies kepada beberapa keturunan berkait rapat dengan
ciri morfologi
yang telah menyumbang kepada adaptasi dan kebolehan spesies
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