Sains Malaysiana 45(9)(2016):
1381–1391
Which Aging Group Prone to Have
Inadequate Nutrient Intake?: TUA Study
(Kumpulan Penuaan yang Mana Lebih Cenderung
Terhadap Pengambilan Nutrien yang tidak Mencukupi?: Kajian TUA)
NIK NUR
IZZATI
NIK
MOHD
FAKHRUDDIN1,
SUZANA
SHAHAR1*,
NURUL
ATIQAH
ABD
AZIZ1,
HANIS
MASTURA
YAHYA2
& ROSLEE RAJIKAN1
1Dietetic
Programme, Centre of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory,
Malaysia
2Nutrition
Programme, Centre of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
3 Januari 2016/Diterima: 28 April 2016
ABSTRACT
Older adults quite often had
an inadequate diet leading to micronutrient deficiencies and impaired
immune response with subsequent development of degenerative diseases.
This study aimed to determine the adequacy of energy and nutrient
intake and its distribution among three aging groups i.e. successful
aging (SA),
usual aging (UA) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
This is a cross-sectional study involving a large sample size (n =
2322) of older adults recruited through multistage random sampling
from four states of Malaysia. An interview was conducted to measure
dietary intake, neurocognitive status and functional status by using
the Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),
Rey Auditory Learning Test (RAVLT), Geriatric Depression Scale
(GDS), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL)
and Quality of Life Questionnaire. For comparison of dietary intake,
a sub-sample of 173 respondents from each aging groups were matched
and selected using a comparative cross-sectional approach. Women
in SA group
had the highest mean intake of vitamin A, calcium (p <0.05),
vitamin C, riboflavin and iron (p<0.001). The same aging
group also achieved the highest RNI percentage for the same nutrients. More than 80% of
respondents for all aging groups did not met the recommended nutrient
intake (RNI)
for vitamin E, thiamin, niacin, folate, calcium and zinc. In women,
MCI
respondents were more likely to have an inadequate
intake of vitamin A, C, riboflavin and iron followed by UA and SA.
Inadequate vitamin E, niacin, folate and calcium were prevalent
among all gender and aging groups. There is a need to further distinguish
specific dietary patterns associated with these three aging groups
to promote optimal nutrient intake for cognitive health.
Keywords: Elderly; mild cognitive
impairment; nutrients intake; successful ageing; usual ageing
ABSTRAK
Warga tua seringkali mengambil
diet yang tidak mencukupi yang membawa kepada masalah kekurangan
nutrien serta menjejaskan tindak balas imun dan menjurus kepada
berlakunya penyakit degeneratif. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan
pengambilan tenaga dan nutrien serta pengagihannya dalam kalangan
tiga kumpulan penuaan iaitu penuaan berjaya (SA), penuaan biasa (UA)
dan kecelaan kognitif ringan (MCI). Kajian hirisan lintang ini
melibatkan saiz sampel warga tua yang besar (n=2322)
yang dipilih berdasarkan persampelan rawak pelbagai peringkat dari
empat buah negeri di Malaysia. Temu bual telah dijalankan untuk
mengukur pengambilan makanan, status neurokognitif serta status
kefungsian dengan menggunakan Soal Selidik Sejarah Diet (DHQ), Pemeriksaan Keadaan Mental Mini
(MMSE),
Ujian Pembelajaran Lisan Pendengaran Rey (RAVLT),
Skala Kekecewaan Geriatrik (GDS), Alatan Aktiviti Hidup Seharian
(IADL) dan Soal Selidik Kualiti Hidup. Bagi perbandingan
antara kumpulan penuaan, sebanyak 173 sub sampel daripada setiap
kumpulan telah dipadankan dan dipilih menggunakan pendekatan perbandingan
hirisan lintang. Wanita dari kumpulan SA mempunyai min pengambilan vitamin
A, kalsium (p<0.05), vitamin C, riboflavin dan zat besi
(p<0.001) yang paling tinggi. Kumpulan penuaan yang sama
juga mencapai peratusan Saranan Pengambilan Makanan (RNI) yang paling tinggi bagi nutrien
tersebut. Lebih daripada 80% subjek untuk semua kumpulan penuaan
tidak mencapai saranan bagi vitamin E, tiamin, niasin, folat, kalsium
dan zink. Pengambilan vitamin A, C, riboflavin dan niasin yang tidak
mencukupi lebih cenderung terjadi dalam kalangan wanita daripada
kumpulan MCI,
diikuti UA dan SA. Kesimpulannya, pengambilan
vitamin E, niasin, folat dan kalsium yang tidak mencukupi lazim
terjadi dalam kalangan semua jantina dan kumpulan penuaan. Oleh
itu, terdapat keperluan dalam menetukan corak pemakanan yang lebih
spesifik yang berkaitan dengan kumpulan penuaan tersebut bagi menggalakkan
pengambilan nutrien yang optimum bagi kesihatan kognitif.
Kata kunci: Kecelaan kognitif ringan; pengambilan nutrien; penuaan
berjaya; penuaan biasa; warga tua
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*Pengarang untuk urat-menyurat;
email: suzana.shahar@ukm.edu.my
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