Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1693–1700

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-04

Management of Collar Rot Disease in Chili by Farmyard Manure and Commercial Biofertilizers

(Pengurusan Penyakit Pereputan Kolar dalam Cili oleh Baja Ladang dan Baja Biologi Komersial)

NIGHAT SANA*, AMNA SHOAIB & ARSHAD JAVAID

Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 7 Mac 2016/Diterima: 14 Mac 2017

ABSTRACT

Collar rot of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a very destructive disease caused by a soil-borne fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Generally, chemical fungicides are used to combat the menace but this practice is being discouraged because of health and environmental concerns. In the present study, an alternative environment friendly strategy was used to manage this disease by using farmyard manure (FYM) and two commercial biofertilizers namely Biopower and Feng Shou. S. rolfsii inoculated pot soil was amended with 1% and 2% FYM and the two commercial biofertilizers. Inoculation of soil with S. rolfsii only (positive control) resulted in the highest disease incidence (73%) and plant mortality (60%). Biopower and Feng Shou application reduced disease incidence to 20% and 7%, respectively and plant mortality to 0%. Likewise, 1% and 2% FYM amendment reduced disease incidence to 33% and plant mortality to 26% and 7%, respectively. Under biotic stress of S. rolfsii, FYM and biofertilizers applications, either alone or in combination, significantly enhanced root and shoot growth over positive control. S. rolfsii inoculation significantly increased peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in chili plants which were further increased by application of either of the two biofertilizers. The present study concludes that biofertilizers Biopower and Feng Shou alone or in combination with 2% FYM can be effectively utilized to manage southern blight of chili.

Keywords: Capsicum annuum; fungal diseases; plant physiology; Sclerotium rolfsii

ABSTRAK

Pereputan kolar cili (Capsicum annuum L.) adalah penyakit pemusnah yang disebabkan patogen kulat bawaan tanah Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Secara umumnya, penggunaan baja bahan kimia adalah untuk menangani masalah ini tetapi amalan ini tidak digalakkan kerana kebimbangan kesihatan dan persekitaran. Kajian kini telah menggunakan alternatif strategi yang mesra alam dalam menguruskan penyakit ini dengan penggunaan baja ladang (FYM) dan dua baja biologi komersial iaitu Biopower dan Feng Shou. S. rolfsii diperkenalkan pada tanah pasu berserta 1% dan 2% FYM dan kedua-dua baja biologi komersial. Kehadiran S. rolfsii pada tanah mengakibatkan insiden penyakit tertinggi (73%) dan kematian tumbuhan (60%). Aplikasi Biopower dan Feng Shou mengurangkan kejadian penyakit kepada 20% dan 7% dan kematian tumbuhan pada 0%. Begitu juga pengenalan 1% dan 2% FYM telah mengurangkan insiden penyakit kepada 33% dan kematian tumbuhan kepada 26% dan 7%. Di bawah tegasan biotik daripada aplikasi S. rolfsii, FYM dan baja biologi, sama ada secara bersendirian atau dalam kombinasi melalui kawalan positif dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan akar dan pucuk secara ketara. Pengenalan S. rolfsii mengakibatkan peningkatan secara ketara kepada aktiviti peroksidase dan polifenol oksidase dalam tumbuhan cili dan akan terus meningkat dengan menggunakan salah satu daripada kedua-dua baja biologi ini. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa baja biologi Biopower dan Feng Shou yang digunakan secara bersendirian atau dalam kombinasi dengan 2% FYM boleh digunakan dengan berkesan dalam menguruskan cili hawar selatan.

Kata kunci: Capsicum annuum; fisiologi tumbuhan; penyakit kulat; Sclerotium rolfsii

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: aamnaa29@yahoo.com