 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1763–1769 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-13
Use of Ammonium-enriched Skim Latex Serum to Compost Rubber Biomass Wastes and Its Effect on Planting Brassica alboglabra (Kegunaan Serum Skim Lateks Diperkaya Amonium untuk Pengkomposan Biojisim Sisa Getah dan Kesannya
ke atas Penanaman
Brassica alboglabra) JUTARUT IEWKITTAYAKORN1*,
JUNTIMA
CHUNGSIRIPORN1
& PRUKRAYA PONGYEELA2 1Department
of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science,
Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand 2Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla
University, Hat Yai, Songkhla
90112, Thailand Diserahkan: 26 September 2017/Diterima:
3 Mac 2017 ABSTRACT Ammonium-enriched skim latex
serum - used for absorption of contaminating ammonia gas - when
composted with other rubber tree wastes, is promising as a
good compost. The objective of this research was to utilize
ammonium-enriched skim latex serum (S) as a raw composting ingredient
after being combined with para sawdust (W1) and para
rubber leaves (W2). Several ratios of S, W1 and W2 were experimented
in a 15L composting vessel to determine the most effective compost.
The best ratio was found to be 3:1:3 by weight at 12-day retention.
The modified 30 L composting reactor employed with the derived
optimum mixing conditions yielded N, P and K of 2.40, 1.51 and
14.84 %w/w. The growth of Brassica alboglabra after
application of this compost combined with a chemical fertilizer
generated the highest fresh weight (4.48 g/plant). Thus, compost
from these wastes could be used as a fertilizer and logically
should contribute to cost saving of waste disposal. Keywords: Compost; fertilizer;
rubber industry waste; skim latex serum; waste disposal ABSTRAK Serum skim lateks diperkaya amonium - digunakan untuk penyerapan gas amonia yang tercemar- apabila dikompos bersama sisa pokok
getah yang lain, ia dijanjikan sebagai satu kompos
yang baik. Objektif
kajian ini adalah
untuk menggunakan
serum skim lateks diperkaya
amonium (S) sebagai bahan pengkomposan mentah setelah digabungkan bersama habuk papan (W1) dan daun getah
(W2). Beberapa nisbah S, W1, dan
W2 telah dikaji
di dalam 15 L vesel pengkomposan bagi menentukan nisbah pengkomposan yang paling efektif.
Nisbah terbaik
didapati ialah nisbah 3:1:3 berdasarkan berat pada 12 hari retensi. Reaktor pengkomposan yang diubah suai ke 30 L dengan
menggunakan kondisi
pencampuran optimum terbitan menghasilkan N, P dan K sebanyak 2.40, 1.51 dan 14.84 %w/w.
Pertumbuhan Brassica alboglabra selepas aplikasi pengkomposan yang digabungkan bersama baja kimia menjana
berat basah
yang paling tinggi (4.48 g/pokok). Oleh itu, kompos
daripada kesemua
sisa yang digunakan dapat dijadikan sebagai baja dan
harus menyumbang
kepada penjimatan kos pelupusan
sisa. Kata kunci: Baja; kompos;
pelupusan sisa;
serum skim lateks; sisa industri
getah RUJUKAN Abid, N. & Saydi, S. 2006. Detrimental
effects of olive mill wastewater on the composting process of
agriculture wastes. Waste Management 26(10): 1099-1107.
AOAC
Official Methods of analysis. 2000. Water (Total) in Fertilizers.
Method 950.01. In AOAC AOAC
Official Methods of analysis. 2000. pH
of Peat. Method 973.04. In AOAC AOAC
Official Methods of analysis. 2000. Organic Matter in Peat. Method
967.05. In AOAC AOAC
Official Methods of analysis. 2000. Nitrogen (Total) in Fertilizers.
Method 955.04. In AOAC AOAC
Official Methods of analysis. 2000. Phosphorus (Total) in Fertilizers.
Method 958.01. In AOAC AOAC
Official Methods of analysis. 2000. Potassium (Total) in Fertilizers.
Method 983.02. In AOAC Asada, T., Ohkubo, T., Kawata, K. &
Oikawa, K. 2006. Ammonia adsorption on bamboo charcoal with acid
treatment. Journal of Health Sciences 52: 585-589.
BS British Standard 7755. 1995. Soil quality.
Chemical methods. Determination of organic
and total carbon after dry combustion (Elementary analysis).
British Standards Institution. BS EN 13038. 2000. Soil improvers and growing
media, Determination of electrical conductivity. British
Standards Institution. Chaiprapat, S. & Sdoodee,
S. 2007. Effects of wastewater recycling from natural rubber smoked
sheet production on economic crops in southern Thailand. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling 51: 577-590. Fong, M., Wong, J.W.C. & Wong, M.H. 1999. Review
on evaluation of compost maturity and stability of solid waste.
Shanghai Environment Science 18(2): 91-93. Hagerty, J.D.,
Pavoni, J.L. & Heer,
J.E. 1973. Solid Waste Management. New York:
Van Nostrand Reinhole
Company. Jusoh, M.L.,
Manaf, L.A. & Latiff,
P.A. 2013. Composting of rice straw with effective microorganisms
(EM) and its influence on compost quality. Iranian Journal
of Environmental Health Science Engineering 10: 10-17. Lokman, M.,
Jusoh, Ch., Manaf,
L.A. & Latiff, P.A. 2013. Composting of rice straw with effective microorganisms (EM) and its
influence on compost quality. Iranian Journal of Environmental
Health Science & Engineering 10: 17-25. Pansang, S.,
Kasikamphaiboon, P. & Chungsiriporn,
J. 2014. Removal of NH3 in air released from rubber latex process using skim
serum absorbent. Advanced Materials Research 844: 441-444.
Pinpeangchan, S.
& Wanapu, C. 2015. Impact
of nitrogen fertilizer (encapsulated urea fertilizer) in process
of controlled-release their effect on growth of Chinese Kale
(Brassica alboglabra Bailey).
Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science 4(4):
173-181. Polprasert, C. 1996. Organic
Waste Recycling. 2nd ed. London: John Wiley & Sons.
Rabbani, K.R., Jindal, R., Kubota, H. & Obeng,
L. 1983. Environmental Sanitation Reviews: Composting of Domestic Refuse.
Environmental Sanitation Information Center.
Asian Institute of Technology. Bangkok.
Thailand, No.10/11. October, 1983. Sharifuddin, H.A.H.
& Zaharah, A.R. 2009. Utilization of Organic Waste and Natural Systems in Malaysian Agriculture.
Serdang: Universiti
Putra Malaysia. Tekasakul, P. & Tekasakul,
S. 2006. Environment problem relate to natural rubber production
in Thailand. Journal of Aerosol Research 21: 122-129. Thai Agricultural Standard. TAS
9503. 2005. Compost. National Bureau
of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards. Ministry
of Agriculture and Cooperatives. Royal
Gazette.122 Section 114D. Thimthong, N.
2009. Effect of latex serum on growth of oil palm seedling
at pre-nursery stage. Master Degree. Thesis.
Science Program in Environmental Science.
Chulalogkorn University.
p. 176. (unpublished).
Tiquia, S.M.,
Tam, N.F.Y. & Hodgkiss, I.J. 1996. Microbial
activities during composting of spent pig-manure sawdust litter
at different moisture contents. Bioresource
Technology 55: 201-206. Uttraporn, T.,
Sucharitaku, S., Theeraraj,
G. & Yuwaree, C. 2012. Waste
water minimization: Utilization of rubber latex residue and swine
dung as fertilizer for para rubber seeding
growth. Environment and Natural Resources Journal 10: 53-67.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jutarut.p@psu.ac.th
|
|||
|
