Sains Malaysiana 46(10)(2017): 1903–1911

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-29

 

Treatment with Pueraria mirificaExtract Prevented Muscle Atrophy and Restored Muscle Strength in Ovariectomized Rats

(Rawatan dengan Ekstrak Pueraria mirificabagi Menghalang Atrofi dan Memulihkan Kekuatan Otot Tikus Diovariektomi)

 

 

KOCHAKORN SUKJAN INTHANUCHIT¹, WANDEE UDOMUKSORN², EKKASIT KUMARNSIT³, SURAPONG VONGVATCHARANON⁴ & URAPORN VONGVATCHARANON^5*

 

¹Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

 

²Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

 

³Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

 

⁴Department of Oral Surgery (Anesthesiology section), Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

 

⁵Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

 

Diserahkan: 5 Mei 2016/Diterima: 28 Mac 2017

 

ABSTRACT

Pueraria mirifica (PM) is a phytoestrogen-rich plant that was tested to establish if its phytosteroids could prevent estrogen dependent sarcopenia. The effect of PM on the estrogen levels, estrous cycle, toxicity, muscle mass, strength and endurance of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and gastrocnemius muscles of ovariectomized rats was investigated. Adult female Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Sham-operated (SHAM); ovariectomized (OVX) fed with distilled water (PM0); OVX injected with 40 μg/kg estradiol benzoate (E40); (4-6) OVX fed with ethanolic extract of PM at doses of 50 (PM50), 500 (PM500) and 1000 (PM1000) mg/kg for 90 days. After treatment with all three doses of PM, no toxicity was detected to the hematopoietic system and liver function whereas the E40 group did show toxic effects. Treatment with 50 and 500 mg/kg of PM showed no effect on uterine hypertrophy and caused no arrest of the estrous cycle whereas treatment with estrogen and 1000 mg/kg of PM treatment did. The estrogen level, the cross sectional area of the EDL and the gastrocnemius muscle fiber strength and endurance were all significantly reduced in the PM0 group compared to that of the SHAM group (p<0.05) but were significantly increased in the E40, PM50, PM500 and PM1000 compared to that of the PM0 group (p<0.05). This indicated that the estrogenic activity of PM alleviated muscle atrophy and built up muscle strength and endurance. Thus, the 50 and 500 mg/kg of PM were suitable for treating estrogen dependent sarcopenia in ovariectomized rats.

 

Keywords: Estrogen; ovariectomy; Pueraria mirifica; sarcopenia

 

ABSTRAK

Pueraria mirifica (PM) adalah tumbuhan kaya fitoestrogen yang diuji untuk menentukan jika fitosteroidnya boleh menghalang sarkopenia terbergantung estrogen. Kesan PM pada tahap estrogen, kitaran estrous, ketoksikan, jisim otot, kekuatan dan ketahanan ekstensor digitorum longus (EDL) dan otot gastrocnemius tikus diovariektomi telah dikaji. Tikus Wistar betina dewasa dibahagikan kepada enam kumpulan: sham-dikawal (SHAM), ovariektomi (OVX) diberi air suling (PM0), OVX disuntik dengan 40 μg/kg estradiol benzoat (E40), OVX diberi ekstrak etanol PM pada dos 50 (PM50), 500 (PM500) dan 1000 (PM1000) mg/kg selama 90 hari. Selepas rawatan dengan ketiga-tiga dos PM, tiada ketoksikan dikesan pada sistem hematopoietik dan fungsi hati manakala kumpulan E40 menunjukkan kesan toksik. Rawatan dengan 50 dan 500 mg/kg PM tidak memberi kesan pada hipertrofi rahim dan tidak menyebabkan gangguan pada kitaran estrous berbanding rawatan dengan estrogen dan 1000 mg/kg rawatan PM yang menunjukkan kesan. Tahap estrogen, luas keratan rentas EDL dan kekuatan serta ketahanan gentian otot gastrocnemius berkurang secara signifikan dalam kumpulan PM0 berbanding dengan kumpulan SHAM (p<0.05) yang meningkat dengan ketara dalam E40, PM50, PM500 dan PM1000 berbanding dengan kumpulan PM0 (p<0.05). Ini menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti estrogenik PM mengurangkan atrofi otot dan membina kekuatan dan ketahanan otot. Oleh itu, 50 dan 500 mg/kg PM adalah sesuai untuk merawat sarcopenia bergantung estrogen kepada tikus diovariektomi.

 

Kata kunci: Estrogen; ovariektomi; Pueraria mirifica; sarkopenia

RUJUKAN

Amin, I.M., Kamaludin, R., Yeap, S.K., Isa, M.R., Rosda, N.M.M.N.M., Siran, R., Kadir, S.H.S.A & Hasani, N.A.H.H. 2015. Aloe emodin induces apoptosis in ER+-breast cancer cells; MCF-7 through IGF-IR signalling pathway. Sains Malaysiana 44(8): 1137-1143.

Boonchird, C., Mahapanichkul, T. & Cherdshewasart, W. 2010. Differential binding with ERalpha and ERbeta of the phytoestrogen-rich plant Pueraria mirifica. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 43(2): 195-200.

Bunratsami, S., Udomuksorn, W., Kumarnsit, E., Vongvatcharanon, S. & Vongvatcharanon, U. 2015. Estrogen replacement improves skeletal muscle performance by increasing parvalbumin levels in ovariectomized rats. Acta Histochemica 117(2): 163-175.

Chansakaow, S., Ishikawa, T., Seki, H., Sekine, K., Okada, M. & Chaichantipyuth, C. 2000. Identification of deoxymiroestrol as the actual rejuvenating principle of “Kwao Keur”, Pueraria mirifica. The known miroestrol may be an artifact. Journal of Natural Products 63(2): 173-175.

Cherdshewasart, W. 2003. Toxicity tests of a phytoestrogen-rich herb; Pueraria mirifica. Journal of Scientific Research Chulalongkorn University 28(12): 1-13.

Cherdshewasart, W., Sutjit, W., Pulcharoen, K. & Chulasiri, M. 2009. The mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of the traditional phytoestrogen-rich herbs, Pueraria mirificaand Pueraria lobata. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 42(9): 816-823.

Cherdshewasart, W., Panriansaen, R. & Picha, P. 2007a. Pretreatment with phytoestrogen-rich plant decreases breast tumor incidence and exhibits lower profile of mammary ER-alpha and ER-beta. Maturitas 58(2): 174-181.

Cherdshewasart, W., Subtang, S. & Dahlan, W. 2007b. Major isoflavonoid contents of the phytoestrogen rich-herb Pueraria mirificain comparison with Pueraria lobata. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43(2): 428-434.

Hall, J.M. 2001. The multifaceted mechanisms of estradiol and estrogen receptor signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276: 36869-36872.

Lang, T., Streeper, T., Cawthon, P., Baldwin, K., Taaffe, D.R. & Harris, T.B. 2010. Sarcopenia: Etiology, clinical consequences, intervention, and assessment. Osteoporosis International 21(4): 543-559.

Malaivijitnond, S., Tungmunnithum, D., Gittarasanee, S., Kawin, K. & Limjunyawong, N. 2010. Puerarin exhibits weak estrogenic activity in female rats. Fitoterapia 81(6): 569-576.

Malaivijitnond, S., Kiatthaipipat, P., Cherdshewasart, W., Watanabe, G. & Taya, K. 2004. Different effects of Pueraria mirifica, a herb containing phytoestrogens, on LH and FSH secretion in gonadectomized female and male rats. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 96(4): 428-435.

Manosroi, A., Saowakon, S. & Manosroi, J. 2004. Preliminary chronic toxicity study of herbal formulations containing Red Kwao Krua (Butea superbaRoxb.) or White Kwao Krua (Pueraria mirificaAiry Shaw and Suvatabandhu) in Wistar rats. Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal 9(1): 1-12.

Marsden, J. 2002. Hormone-replacement therapy and breast cancer. The Lancet Oncology 3(5): 303-311.

Messier, V., Rabasa-Lhoret, R., Barbat-Artigas, S., Elisha, B., Karelis, A.D. & Aubertin-Leheudre, M. 2011. Menopause and sarcopenia: A potential role for sex hormones. Maturitas 68(4): 331-336.

Moran, A.L., Nelson, S.A., Landisch, R.M., Warren, G.L. & Lowe, D.A. 2007. Estradiol replacement reverses ovariectomy-induced muscle contractile and myosin dysfunction in mature female mice. Journal of Applied Physiology 102(4): 1387-1393.

Moran, A.L., Warren, G.L. & Lowe, D.A. 2006. Removal of ovarian hormones from mature mice detrimentally affects muscle contractile function and myosin structural distribution. Journal of Applied Physiology 100(2): 548-559.

Norshafarina, S.K., Ibrahim, M.S.N., Suzana, S., Hasnan, A.M., Zahara, M. & Zaitun, Y. 2013. Sarcopenia and its impact on health: Do they have significant association?. Sains Malaysiana42(9): 1345-1355.

Park, H.J., Della-Fera, M.A., Hausman, D.B., Rayalam, S., Ambati, S. & Baile, C.A. 2009. Genistein inhibits differentiation of primary human adipocytes. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 20(2): 140-148.

Pope, G.S., Grundy, H.M., Jone, H.E.M. & Tait, S.A.S. 1958. The estrogenic substance (miroestrol) from the tuberous roots of Pueraria mirifica. Journal of Endocrinology 17: 15-16.

Sipila, S., Taaffe, D.R., Cheng, S., Puolakka, J., Toivanen, J. & Suominen, H. 2001. Effects of hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise on skeletal muscle in post-menopausal women: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Clinical Science 101(2): 147-157.

Suntara, A. 1931. The Remedy Pamphlet of Kwao Krua Tuber of Luang Anusarnsuntarakromkarnphiset. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Chiang Mai Upatipongsa Press.

Taylor, N.E., Hodgkin, D.C. & Rollett, J.S. 1960. The X-ray crystallographic determination of the structure of bromomiroestrol. Journal of the Chemical Society 73 : 3685-3695.

Trisomboon, H., Malaivijitnond, S., Cherdshewasart, W., Watanabe, G. & Taya, K. 2006. Effect of Pueraria mirificaon the sexual skin coloration of aged menopausal cynomolgus monkeys. Journal of Reproduction and Development 52(4): 537-542.

Urasopon, N., Hamada, Y., Cherdshewasart, W. & Malaivijitnond, S. 2008. Preventive effects of Pueraria mirificaon bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Maturitas 59(2): 137-148.

Wirakiat, W., Udomuksorn, W., Vongvatcharanon, S. & Vongvatcharanon, U. 2012. Effects of estrogen via estrogen receptors on parvalbumin levels in cardiac myocytes of ovariectomized rats. Acta Histochemica 114(1): 46-54.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: uraporn.v@psu.ac.th