 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 46(12)(2017): 2417–2423 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4612-17
Kinetin
Induces Chromosomal Abnormalities in African Blue Lily (Agapanthus
praecox ssp. minimus) Grown in In Vitro (Aruhan
Kinetin Keabnormalan Kromosom Telipuk Biru Afrika (Agapanthus
praecox ssp. minimus) yang Ditanam secara In Vitro
JAMILAH SYAFAWATI
YAACOB1,2*
& ROSNA MAT TAHA2
1Centre for Research
in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR),
Faculty of Science University of Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia 2Institute of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia Diserahkan: 28
Januari 2015/Diterima: 14 April 2017 ABSTRACT
Kinetin has been reported to
exert inhibitory effect when used in tissue culture and in some
cases reverse the action of auxin and cause growth inhibition
and retardation of root formations. Kinetin also acts as ‘mitotic
poison’, mimicking the effect of pesticides and toxic chemicals
and interferes in mitosis mechanism of plants. The effect of kinetin
on size of cell and nucleus as well as chromosome behaviour in
root tip meristems of Agapanthus praecox ssp.
minimus was studied. The results showed that prolong exposure
to kinetin caused chromosome abnormalities to occur more frequently.
Chromosome breakage yielded fragmented chromosomes, while abnormal
spindle fibers caused delay in chromosome movement, termed as
laggard chromosomes. Abnormal nucleus was also observed with kinetin
treatments, such as micronucleus, binucleated and tripolar cells.
Keywords: Binucleated; chromosome
behavior; cytomixis; fragmented chromosome; kinetin; laggard ABSTRAK
Kinetin telah dilaporkan memberi
kesan merencat apabila digunakan dalam kultur tisu dan dalam beberapa
kes membalikkan tindakan auksin dan menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan
pembentukan akar terencat. Kinetin juga bertindak sebagai ‘racun
mitosis’, meniru kesan racun perosak dan bahan kimia toksik dan
mengganggu mekanisma mitosis dalam tumbuhan. Kesan kinetin pada
saiz sel dan nukleus dan juga tingkah laku kromosom dalam hujung
meristem akar Agapanthus praecox ssp. minimus telah dikaji. Keputusan
kajian menunjukkan bahawa pendedahan berpanjangan kepada kinetin
telah menyebabkan keabnormalan kromosom berlaku lebih kerap. Pecahan
kromosom menghasilkan kromosom terserpih, manakala gentian gelendong
yang tidak normal menyebabkan kelewatan dalam pergerakan kromosom,
yang digelar sebagai kromosom yang terkemudian. Keabnormalan nukleus
juga diperhatikan dengan rawatan kinetin, seperti nukleus mikro,
binukleus dan sel tripolar. Kata kunci: Binukleat; kelakuan kromosom; kinetin; kromosom terserpih;
sitomiksis; terkemudian RUJUKAN Ateeq,
B., Abdul, F.M. & Niamat, A.M. 2002. Clastogenicity of Pentachlorophenol,
2, 4-D and Butachlor evaluated by Allium root tip test.
Mutation Research 514: 105-113. Badr,
A., Hamoud, M.A. & Haroun, S.A. 1985. Effect of the herbicide
Gespax on mitosis, mitotic chromosomes and nucleic acids in Vicia
faba L. root meristems. Proceedings of the Saudi Biological
Society 8: 359-370. Bayliss,
M.W. 1980. Chromosomal variation in plant tissues culture. International
Review of Cytology 11A: 113-144. Bloor,
S.J. & Falshaw, R. 2000. Covalently linked anthocyanin-flavonol
pigments from blue Agapanthus flowers. Phytochemistry
53: 575-579. Conger,
A.D. & Fairchild, L.M. 1953. A quick freeze method for making
smear slide permanent. Stain Technology 28: 281-283. Cullis,
C.A. 2005. Mechanisms and control of rapid genomic changes in
flax. Annals of Botany 95: 201-206. Cullis,
C.A. 1999. Environmental stress - a generator of adaptive variation?.
In Plant Adaptations to Stress Environments, edited by
Lerner, H.R. New York: Marcel Dekker. pp. 149- 160. Das, N.K., Patau, K. & Skoog, F. 1956. Initiation of mitosis
and cell division by kinetin and indolacetic acid in excised tobacco
pith tissue. Physiologia Plantarum 9: 640-651. D’Agostino,
I.B. & Kieber, J.J. 1999. Molecular mechanisms of cytokinin
action. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 2: 359-364. Haber, A.H. &
Luippold, H.J. 1960. Effects of gibberellin, kinetin, thiourea
and photomorphogenic radiation on mitotic activity in dormant
lettuce seed. Plant Physiology 35: 486-494. Haliem, A.S. 1990.
Cytological effects of the herbicide sensor on mitosis of Allium
cepa. Egyptian Journal of Botany 33: 93-104. Kaeppler, S.M.,
Kaeppler, H.F. & Rhee, Y. 2000. Epigenetic aspects of somaclonal
variation in plants. Plant Molecular Biology 43: 179-188.
Kaminek, M. 1967.
Root formation in pea stem sections and its inhibition by kinetin,
ethionine and chloramphenicol. Biologia Plantarum 9: 86-91.
Karp, A. 1991.
On the current understanding of somaclonal variation. In Oxford
Surveys of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, edited by Miflin,
B.J. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 1-58. Kovarik, A., Lim,
K.Y., Souckova-Skalicka, K., Matyasek, R. & Leitch, A.R. 2012.
A plant culture (BY-2) widely used in molecular and cell studies
is genetically unstable and highly heterogenous. Botanical
Journal of the Linnean Society 170: 459-471. Kunikowska, A.,
Byczkowska, A. & Kazmierczak, A. 2013. Kinetin induces cell
death in root cortex cells of Vicia faba ssp. minor
seedlings. Protoplasma 250: 851-861. Murashige, T. &
Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid plant growth and bioassays
with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15:
473-497. Nagl, W. 1974.
The Phaseolus suspensor and its polytene chromosomes. Zeitschrift
für Pflanzenphysiologie 73: 1-44. Oselebe, H.O. &
Ene-Obong, E.E. 2007. Organogenesis in Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii
(Stapf) Diels. Tropicultura 25: 37-43. Partanen, C.R.
1963. Plant tissue culture in relation to developmental cytology.
International Review of Cytology 15: 215-243. Pretorius, J.C.,
Zietsman, P.C. & Eksteen, D. 2002. Fungitoxic properties of
selected South African plant species against plant pathogens of
economic importance in agriculture. Annals of Applied Biology
141: 117-124. Reynolds, T. &
Thompson, P.A. 1973. Efffects of kinetin, gibberellins and abscisic
acid on the seed germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa).
Physiologia Plantarum 28: 516-522. Savchenko, T.,
Whiting, P., Sarker, S.D. & Dinan, L. 1997. Phytoecdysteroids
in the genus Agapanthus (Alliaceae). Biochemical
Systematics and Ecology 25: 623-629. Singh, D.N., Verma,
N., Rahuwanshi, S., Shukla, P.K. & Kulshreshta, D.K. 2008.
Antifungal activity of Agapanthus africanus extracts. Fitoterapia
79: 298-300. Soh, Y.W. &
Yang, W.Y. 1993. Effect of plant growth regulators on mitotic
chromosomes in Allium cepa L. Nucleus 36: 109-113.
Sunderland, N.
1973. Nuclear cytology. In Plant Tissue and Cell Culture: Bot
Monographs, edited by Street, H.E. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
Publication. pp. 161-190. Tegegne, G., Pretorius,
J.C. & Swart, W.J. 2008. Antifungal properties of Agapanthus
africanus L. extracts against plant pathogens. Crop Protection
27: 1052-1060. Varga, C.A. &
Veale, D.J.H. 1997. Isihlambezo - Utilization patterns and potential
health effects of pregnancy-related traditional herbal medicine.
Social Science & Medicine 44: 911-924. Yaacob, J.S., Taha,
R.M. & Mohajer, S. 2014. Organogenesis induction and acclimatization
of African blue lily (Agapanthus praecox ssp. minimus).
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 16: 57-64.
Yaacob, J.S., Mad
Yussof, A.I., Taha, R.M. & Mohajer, S. 2012. Somatic embryogenesis
and plant regeneration from bulb, leaf and root explants of African
blue lily (Agapanthus praecox ssp. minimus). Australian
Journal of Crop Science 6: 1462-1470. Yaacob, J.S., Mad
Yussof, A.I., Abdullah, S., Ramesh, K. & Taha, R.M. 2011.
Investigation of pH varied anthocyanin pigment profiles of Agapanthus
praecox and its potential as natural colourant. Materials
Research Innovations 15(S2): 106-109. Yang, D. &
Dodson, E.O. 1970. The effect of kinetin on the growth of diploid
and autotetraploid root tips of rye in vitro. Canadian
Journal of Botany 48: 19-25. Yuzbasioglu, D.,
Unal, F. & Sancak, C. 2009. Genotoxic effects of herbicide
Illoxan (Diclofop Methyl) on Allium cepa L. Turkish
Journal of Biology 33: 283-290. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jamilahsyafawati@um.edu.my
|
|||
|
