Sains Malaysiana 46(3)(2017): 421–428

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4603-09

Respons Fenologi Tumbuhan terhadap Taburan Hujan di Johor Menggunakan Data Indeks Tumbuhan Satelit MODIS-Aqua

(Vegetation Phenology Response towards Rainfall Distribution using MODIS-Aqua Vegetation Satellite Index Data)

AMIRAH AUDADI MADZEN* & LAM KUOK CHOY

Pusat Pengajian Sosial, Pembangunan & Persekitaran, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 27 November 2015/Diterima: 23 Jun 2016

ABSTRAK

Fenologi tumbuhan menggambarkan fasa kitaran hidup atau aktiviti tumbuhan dan adalah penting untuk memahami interaksinya dengan iklim. Kajian dilakukan untuk mengenal pasti respons fenologi tumbuhan dan metrik fenologi hutan dipterokarpa, kelapa sawit dan pokok getah menggunakan data indeks tumbuhan Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) daripada MODIS-Aqua (produk MYD13Q1) dan purata hujan bulanan sepanjang tahun 2007 dan 2009 di negeri Johor. Pola hujan pada tahun 2007 menunjukkan taburan hujan normal, manakala tahun 2009 mengalami kekurangan hujan sepanjang tempoh sebelas tahun (2000-2010). Hasil mendapati tren EVI hutan dipterokarpa lebih bervariasi pada 2009 dengan nilai EVI antara 0.39-0.64 berbanding tren pada 2007 yang konsisten dengan nilai EVI antara 0.33-0.57. Tren fenologi kelapa sawit pada 2007 lebih kerap mengalami turun naik berbanding pada 2009, masing-masing dengan EVI antara 0.45-0.71 dan 0.5-0.74. Corak fenologi pokok getah pada kedua-dua tahun kajian adalah sama dan julat EVI pada 2009 adalah lebih kecil berbanding 2007, masing-masing dengan EVI antara 0.39-0.62 dan 0.30-0.73. Pengaruh masa susulan ke atas tahap kehijauan tumbuhan telah dikesan, khususnya selepas peristiwa hujan lebat dalam dua tahun tersebut dan sedikit sebanyak mempengaruhi nilai korelasi antara pemboleh ubah purata hujan bulanan dengan EVI tumbuh-tumbuhan. Permulaan dan pengakhiran musim pertumbuhan hutan dipterokarpa bagi kedua-dua tahun berlaku dalam bulan yang sama, iaitu Februari (permulaan musim) dan Disember (pengakhiran musim). Tidak wujud perbezaan yang ketara antara panjang musim pertumbuhan kelapa sawit bagi kedua-dua tahun, iaitu hanya 32 hari lebih panjang pada 2007 berbanding 2009. Musim pertumbuhan pokok getah pula adalah lebih panjang pada 2007 dan lebih singkat pada 2009, masing-masing 176 hari dan 113 hari.

Kata kunci: EVI; fenologi tumbuhan; metrik fenologi; MODIS; musim pertumbuhan

ABSTRACT

Vegetation phenology describes the plant life cycle or activity and it is important to understand it's interactions with climate. This study was conducted to identify plant phenological responses to average monthly rainfall and to extract the phenology metrics for dipterocarp forest, oil palms and rubber trees by using EVI vegetation indices from MODIS-Aqua (product MYD13Q1) and an average of monthly rainfall for 2007 and 2009. Rainfall patterns in 2007 showed normal rainfall distribution whilst in 2009 experienced less rain in a period of eleven years (2000-2010). The result showed that the EVI of the dipterocarp forest is varied in 2009 with EVI value ranges 0.39-0.64 compared to the more consistent EVI values of 0.33-0.57 in 2007. The phenological trends of oil palms fluctuate in 2007 compared to 2009 with EVI at 0.45-0.71 and 0.5-0.74, respectively. Phenological patterns of rubber trees in both years showed similar trend and the EVI range of 2009 was smaller than in 2007 with value of 0.39-0.62 and 0.30-0.73, respectively. The effect of lag period on vegetations’ greenness was detected, especially after heavy rain period in both years which affects the correlation values between the average rainfall and EVI. The start and end of growing season of the dipterocarp forest for both years occurred in February and December. There is no clear difference between the lengths of season for oil palms in both years, which is 32 days longer in 2007 compared to 2009. Length of season for rubber tree is longer in 2007 and significantly shorter in 2009 at 176 and 113 days, respectively.

Keywords: EVI; growing season; MODIS; phonological matrics; vegetation phenology

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: amirahaudadimadzen@yahoo.com