Sains Malaysiana 46(5)(2017): 695–702

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4605-03

Landmark-based Morphometric and Meristic Variations of Endangered Mrigal Carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch 1795), from Wild and Hatchery Stocks

(Morfometri berasaskan Mercu Tanda dan Variasi Meristik Mrigal Kap, Cirrhinus cirrhosus

(Bloch 1795) Terancam daripada Stok Liar dan Penetasan)

DHIMAN GAIN¹, MAHFUJ, M.S.², HUQ, K.A.³, ISLAM, S.S.^4,5, MINAR, M.H.⁶,

GOUTHAM-BHARATHI, M.P.⁷ & SIMON KUMAR DAS^8,9*

¹Marine Environment and Resources Program, University of the Basque Country, Spain

²Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium

³Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

⁴Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh

⁵Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering

Ghent University, Belgium

⁶Department of Fisheries (DoF), Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Bangladesh

⁷Fisheries Science Division, ICAR-Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Post Box No. 181, Garacharma (Post), Port Blair - 744 101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands

India

⁸Marine Science Programme, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁹Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 28 Disember 2015/Diterima: 31 Oktober 2016

ABSTRACT

Wild stocks of endangered mrigal carp, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch 1795), continues to decline rapidly in the Indo-Ganges river basin. With an objective to evaluate its population status, landmark-based morphometric and meristic variations among three different stocks viz., hatchery (Jessore), baor (Gopalganj) and river (Faridpur) in Bangladesh were studied. Significant differences were observed in 10 of the 15 morphometric measurements viz., head length, standard length, fork length, length of base of spinous, pre-orbital length, eye length, post-orbital length, length of upper jaw, height of pelvic fin and barbel length, two of the 8 meristic counts viz., scales above the lateral line and pectoral fin rays and 10 of the 22 truss network measurements viz., 1 to 10, 2 to 3, 2 to 8, 2 to 9, 2 to 10, 3 to 4, 3 to 8, 4 to 5, 4 to 7 and 9 to 10 among the stocks. For morphometric and landmark measurements, the 1st discriminant function (DF) accounted for 58.1% and the 2nd DF accounted for 41.9% of the among-group variability. In discriminant space, the river stock was isolated from the other two stocks. On the other hand, baor and hatchery stocks formed a very compact cluster. A dendrogram based on the hierarchical cluster analysis using morphometric and truss distance data placed the hatchery and baor in one cluster and the river in another cluster and the distance between the river and hatchery populations was the highest. Morphological differences among stocks are expected, because of their geographical isolation and their origin from different ancestors. The baseline information derived from the present study would be useful for genetic studies and in the assessment of environmental impacts on C. cirrhosus populations in Bangladesh.

Keywords: Bangladesh; discriminant function analyses; Mrigal; truss morphometry

ABSTRAK

Stok mrigal kap liar terancam, Cirrhinus cirrhosus (Bloch 1795) terus menyusut dengan pantas di lembangan sungai Indo-Ganges. Dengan objektif untuk menilai semula status populasi, morfometri berasaskan mercu tanda dan variasi meristik antara tiga stok berbeza seperti, penetasan (Jessore), baor (Gopalganj) dan Sungai (Faridpur) di Bangladesh telah dikaji. Perbezaan ketara diperhatikan dalam 10 daripada 15 pengukuran morfometri seperti panjang kepala, panjang piawai, panjang cabang, panjang pangkal tulang belakang, panjang pra-orbit panjang mata, panjang pasca orbit, panjang rahang atas, ketinggian fin pelvik dan panjang barbel, dua daripada 8 kiraan meristik seperti sisik di atas garis deria dan sinar sirip pektoral serta 10 daripada 22 pengukuran rangkaian kekuda antara stok iaitu 1 hingga 10, 2 hingga 3, 2 hingga 8, 2 hingga 9, 2 hingga 10, 3 hingga 4, 3 hingga 8, 4 hingga 5, 4 hingga 7 dan 9 hingga 10. Bagi pengukuran morfometri dan mercu tanda, fungsi diskriminasi (DF) pertama menyumbang sebanyak 58.1% dan DF kedua menyumbang 41.9% kebolehubahan antara kumpulan. Dalam ruangan diskriminasi, stok sungai dipencilkan daripada dua stok lain. Selain itu, stok baor dan stok penetasan membentuk kelompok yang sangat padat. Dendrogram yang berdasarkan analisis kelompok hierarki menggunakan morfometri dan data jarak kekuda meletakkan penetasan dan baor dalam satu kelompok dan sungai dalam kelompok yang lain serta jarak antara populasi sungai dan penetasan adalah yang tertinggi. Perbezaan morfologi antara stok telah dijangka disebabkan pengasingan geografi serta asal-usul mereka daripada nenek-moyang yang berbeza. Maklumat asas yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini adalah penting untuk kajian genetik dan penilaian kesan alam sekitar terhadap populasi C. cirrhosus di Bangladesh.

Kata kunci: Analisis fungsi diskriminasi; Bangladesh; kekuda morfometri; Mrigal

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: skdas_maa@yahoo.com