Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1625–1634
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-01
Salvinia molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai
Agen Fitoremediasi dalam Rawatan Air Sisa Kumbahan
(Salvinia molesta and
Pistia stratiotes as Phytoremediation Agents in Sewage
Wastewater Treatment)
MARLIA M. HANAFIAH*, NAN HAMIZA SYAZIRA MEGAT MOHAMAD
& NUR IZZAH HAMNA ABD. AZIZ
Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan
Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 14 September 2017/Diterima:
17 Mac 2018
ABSTRAK
Akumulasi
logam berat dan bahan pencemar ke dalam ekosistem akuatik memberi impak negatif
kepada alam sekitar dan organisma akuatik. Salvinia
molesta dan Pistia stratiotes merupakan spesies yang mempunyai kadar pertumbuhan yang cepat dan berkemampuan dalam
mengakumulasi logam berat dan menyerap nutrien menjadikan ia sesuai digunakan
untuk merawat air sisa melalui kaedah bioteknologi iaitu fitoremediasi. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kualiti air sisa kumbahan
sebelum dan selepas rawatan menggunakan kaedah fitoremediasi. Selain
itu, objektif kajian ini juga adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan Salvinia
molesta dan Pistia stratiotes sebagai agen fitoremediasi bagi rawatan
air sisa. Sampel tumbuhan akuatik berbeza berat iaitu 10, 20
dan 30 g diuji untuk rawatan tersebut. Ujian ANOVA satu
hala menunjukkan perbezaan kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan
ammoniakal nitrogen yang bererti (p<0.05) bagi 10, 20 dan 30 g Pistia
stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sepanjang kajian dijalankan iaitu
daripada hari 0 sehingga hari ke-7. Keputusan kajian juga menunjukkan 30 dan 20
g Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta dapat menyingkirkan
jumlah pepejal terampai dan ammoniakal nitrogen dengan lebih cepat berbanding
berat tumbuhan 10 g. Ujian ANOVA satu hala juga tidak menunjukkan
perbezaan yang bererti bagi kadar pengurangan jumlah pepejal terampai dan
ammoniakal nitrogen antara Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta.
Kata kunci: Air sisa kumbahan; fitoremediasi;Pistia stratiotes; Salvinia molesta
ABSTRACT
Accumulation of heavy metals and
other pollutants into aquatic ecosystem has negative impacts on the environment
and aquatic organisms. Salvinia molesta and Pistia stratiotes are
both species that have a rapid growth rate and ability to accumulate heavy
metals and absorb nutrients making these plants suitable to be used to treat
wastewater through biotechnology method of phytoremediation. This study was
conducted to determine the quality of sewage wastewater before and after
treatment using phytoremediation. In addition, the objective of this study was
to assess the effectiveness of Salvinia molesta and Pistia
stratiotes as agents for the treatment of sewage wastewater. Samples with
different aquatic plants with weight of 10, 20 and 30 g were tested for the
treatment. One-way ANOVA test showed a significant
difference (p<0.05) in the rate of reduction of total suspended
solids and ammoniacal nitrogen for 10, 20 and 30 g of Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia molesta, from day 0 to day 7. The study also showed that the
removal of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen using 30 and 20 g of Pistia
stratiotes and Salvinia molesta were more efficient compared to 10 g.
One-way ANOVA test also showed no significant difference in the
rate of reduction of total suspended solids and ammoniacal nitrogen between Pistia
stratiotes and Salvinia molesta.
Keywords:
Phytoremediation; Pistia stratiotes; Salvinia molesta; sewage wastewater
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: mhmarlia@ukm.edu.my