Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1693–1700

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-08

Responses of Four Citrus Plants to Phytophthora-Induced Root Rot

(Tindak Balas Empat Tumbuhan Sitrus kepada Reput Akar Diinduksi dengan Phytophthora)

LI TIAN¹, QIANG-SHENG WU^1*, KAMIL KUČA² & MOHAMMED MAHABUBUR RAHMAN³

¹College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003m Czech Republic

³Brix' N Berries, Leduc, Alberta, Canada

Diserahkan: 2 Mac 2018/Diterima: 4 April 2018

ABSTRACT

China is one of the largest citrus producers in Asia, where Phytophthora parasitica infection has become the major threat in sustaining long term citrus production. The proposed study examined the effects of P. parasitica on Citrus junos, C. limon, C. tangerina and Poncirus trifoliata to evaluate the resisted rootstock to Phytophthora root rot. P. parasitica infection notably decreased plant growth, root morphology and activities of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) in C. limon and C. tangerina. Root β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and phenylalanine ammonialyase activities significantly increased in C. junos and P. trifoliata after infection with P. parasitica. P. parasitica infection notably decreased root salicylic acid concentrations in C. limon, C. tangerina and P. trifoliata, while increasing it in C. junos. An opposite trend was observed in root jasmonic acid levels after infection with P. parasitica, relative to root salicylic acid. Root nitric oxide and calmodulin concentrations were significantly increased in P. parasitica-infected C. junos, C. tangerina and P. trifoliata, while C. limon exhibited a decrease. These results demonstrated that citrus species like C. junos and P. trifoliata displayed a much higher resistance to Phytophthora-induced root rot, and C. limon and C. tangerina showed a comparatively lower degree of resistance.

Keywords: Citrus junos; pathogenesis-related protein; Phytophthora parasitica; poncirus trifoliata

ABSTRAK

Negara China ialah salah sebuah negara pengeluar sitrus terbesar di Asia dengan jangkitan Phytophthora parasitica telah menjadi ancaman utama dalam mengekalkan pengeluaran sitrus berjangka panjang. Kajian yang dicadangkan untuk mengkaji kesan P. parasitica pada Citrus junos, C. limon, C. tangerina dan Poncirus trifoliata bagi menilai akar umbi yang ditentang terhadap reput akar Phytophthora. Jangkitan P. parasitica terutamanya menurunkan pertumbuhan tumbuhan, morfologi akar dan aktiviti protein yang berkaitan patogenesis (PR) pada C. limon dan C. tangerina. Akar β-1,3-glukanase, kitinase and fenilalanina ammonia-liase meningkat dengan ketara pada C. junos dan P. trifoliata selepas jangkitan P. parasitica. P. parasitica terutamanya menurunkan kepekatan asid salisilik akar dalam C. limon, C. tangerina dan P. trifoliata manakala meningkatkannya dalam C. junos. Tren yang bertentangan telah diperhatikan pada peringkat asid jasmonik akar selepas jangkitan dengan P. parasitica berbanding dengan asid salisilat akar. Kepekatan nitrik oksida dan kalmodulin akar meningkat dengan ketara pada P. parasitica yang dijangkiti C. junos, C. tangerina dan P. trifoliata manakala C. limon menunjukkan suatu penurunan. Keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa spesies sitrus seperti C. junos dan P. trifoliata menunjukkan rintangan yang lebih tinggi terhadap reput akar diinduksi dengan Phytophthora serta C. limon dan C. tangerina menunjukkan tahap rintangan yang agak rendah.

Kata kunci: Citrus junos; Phytophthora parasitica; Poncirus trifoliata; protein yang berkaitan pathogenesis

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