Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1819–1826

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-21

Comparison of Fatty Acid Profiles between Successful and Usual Aging Elderly

(Perbandingan Profil Asid Lemak antara Orang Tua Penuaan Berjaya dan Biasa)

NABILAH ROSNEY¹, HASNAH HARON^1*, MAIHIZA SALLEH¹ & SUZANA SHAHAR²

¹Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Dietetic Programme, Centre of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 21 September 2017/Diterima: 19 April 2018

ABSTRACT

Increased the consumption of polyunsaturated (PUFA) and omega-3 fatty acid may be one of the strategies to prevent morbidity and mortality among elderly. This study aimed to identify the plasma fatty acid profile and intake among older adults who aged successfully (SA) as compared to the usual agers (UA). This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 48 SA (mean age 66.4+4.7 years old) and 42 UA (mean age 68.4+4.8 years old). The plasma fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography. Fatty acid intake was measured by using the validated Fatty Acid Omega-3 intake food frequency questionnaire. The percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in blood plasma of UA (men 62.2+6.4%, women 62.9+7.0%) were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to SA (men 53.7+15.8%, women 57.1+9.5%). On the other hand, the percentage of monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA) omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were the opposites. Fatty acids intake among SA was higher compared to UA. SFA (SA=5.0+2.5%, UA=4.6+2.9%) and total omega-3 (SA=0.5+0.4%, UA=0.4+0.3%) intakes met the recommended nutrient intake (RNI). However, mean intakes of MUFA (SA=5.3+2.4%, UA=4.7+2.7%) and linoleic acid (LA) (SA=0.5+0.7%, UA=0.3+0.5%) were below than the RNI. Percentages of subjects who did not meet the RNI for omega-3 and MUFA were 44.2% and 97.7% for SA and 47.4% and 95% for UA, respectively. SA had a higher level of plasma PUFA and MUFA, but lower in SFA when compared to UA. MUFA and LA were more likely to be inadequate in the diet of older adults, particularly the UA.

Keywords: Elderly; fatty acid; omega-3; successful aging; usual aging

ABSTRAK

Meningkatkan pengambilan asid lemak politaktepu dan asid lemak omega-3 berkemungkinan merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mencegah morbiditi dan mortaliti dalam kalangan warga emas. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti profil asid lemak plasma dan pengambilan asid lemak dalam kalangan warga emas penuaan berjaya (SA) berbanding penuaan biasa (UA). Kajian perbandingan hirisan lintang ini dijalankan ke atas 48 orang warga emas SA (purata umur 66.4+4.7 tahun) dan 46 orang warga emas UA (purata umur 66.4+4.7) tahun ini. Profil asid lemak ditentukan menggunakan kromatografi gas. Pengambilan asid lemak pula diukur menggunakan borang soal selidik Kekerapan Pengambilan Makanan Asid Lemak Omega-3 yang telah disahkan. Peratusan asid lemak tepu (SFA) dalam plasma darah warga emas UA (lelaki 62.2+6.4%, wanita 62.9+7.0%) adalah lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding SA (lelaki 53.7+15.8%, wanita 62.9+7.0%). Manakala peratusan komposisi asid lemak monotaktepu (MUFA), politaktepu (PUFA), omega-3 dan omega-6 adalah sebaliknya. Pengambilan asid lemak adalah lebih tinggi dalam kalangan SA berbanding UA. Pengambilan SFA (SA=5.0+2.5%, UA=4.6+2.9%) dan omega-3 total (SA=0.5+0.4%, UA=0.4+0.3%) menepati Saranan Pengambilan Nutrien (RNI). Walau bagaimanapun, purata pengambilan MUFA (SA=5.3+2.4%, UA=4.7+2.7%) dan asid linoleik (LA) (SA=0.5+0.7%, UA=0.3+0.5%) pula adalah lebih rendah berbanding RNI. Peratusan subjek yang tidak memenuhi RNI bagi omega-3 dan MUFA pula adalah sebanyak 44.2% dan 97.7% bagi SA manakala 47.4% dan 95% bagi UA. Kesimpulannya warga emas SA mempunyai tahap PUFA dan MUFA plasma yang tinggi, tetapi rendah tahap SFA berbanding warga emas UA. Pengambilan MUFA dan LA adalah tidak mencukupi dalam diet warga emas, khususnya UA.

Kata kunci: Asid lemak; penuaan Berjaya; penuaan biasa; omega-3; warga emas

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*Pengarang untuk surat menyurat; email: hasnaharon@ukm.edu.my