Sains Malaysiana 49(12)(2020): 2989-2996

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-10

A Brief Review on Smart Grid Residential Network Schemes

(Ulasan Ringkas Skema Rangkaian Kediaman Grid Pintar)

NOSHIN FATIMA¹*, TAHSEEN AMIN QASURIA² & MOHD. ADIB IBRAHIM¹

¹Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi-23640, KPK, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 11 Ogos 2020/Diterima: 19 Ogos 2020

ABSTRACT

Presently the domestic zone is a fundamental part of the overall energy consumption curve. Traditional energy control grids are facing dreadful complications while handling domestic users due to the rapid growth in energy demand. However, traditional grids are mainly dependent on coal, petrol, and other expensive resources, although these resources are limited and also causing air pollution. Hence, to avoid them, alternative resources should be considered for energy production. Literature showed that renewable resources like wind, water, thermal, and solar are some of the replacements for green energy production. Their foremost advantage is that they are natural and free which will aid in the production of economic and environmental-friendly energy on a large scale. However, the residential-side consumers should also utilize the electricity responsibly via the reduction in peak hour loads, by shifting loads to off-peak hours. This will be possible through using different optimal consumption schemes for demand-side management. In this article, home energy management system schemes are discussed to reduce electricity bills for domestic consumers by modifying the peak to average ratio. The suggested schemes can be used in the future, where automatic machines will be able to communicate and make intelligent decisions with the grid. The comparative study presents a summary concerning their methods, load and cost minimization, scheduling, pricing, and coverage range. As a result, customers can select the scheme according to their requirements or can combine two or more to achieve a different kind of benefits to utilizing energy both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Keywords: Demand-side management; energy efficiency; renewable resources; smart appliances; smart grid

ABSTRAK

Pada masa ini zon domestik memainkan peranan penting dalam keluk penggunaan tenaga secara keseluruhan. Grid kawalan tenaga tradisi menghadapi komplikasi mengerikan semasa menangani pengguna domestik kerana pertumbuhan permintaan tenaga yang pesat. Walau bagaimanapun, grid tradisi tersebut bergantung kepada arang batu, petrol dan sumber lain yang mahal. Namun, sumber-sumber ini terhad dan juga menyebabkan pencemaran udara. Oleh itu, untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, sumber alternatif harus dipertimbangkan untuk pengeluaran tenaga. Kajian kepustakaan menunjukkan bahawa sumber tenaga yang boleh diperbaharui seperti angin, air, haba dan solar adalah antara kaedah alternatif untuk penghasilan tenaga. Kelebihan utama sumber tersebut adalah daripada sumber semula jadi dan percuma yang akan membantu penjanaan tenaga yang mesra ekonomi dan mesra alam secara besar-besaran. Namun begitu, dari segi penempatan, pengguna juga harus menggunakan elektrik dengan penuh tanggung jawab melalui pengurangan beban pada waktu puncak, dengan mengalihkan beban ke luar lingkungan waktu puncak yang dapat dilakukan dengan mengamalkan skema penggunaan tenaga optimum yang berbeza. Dalam kertas ini, skema sistem pengurusan tenaga rumah dibincangkan untuk mengurangkan bil elektrik bagi pengguna domestik dengan mengubah nisbah puncak ke purata. Skema yang disarankan dapat digunakan pada masa hadapan dengan mesin akan berkomunikasi secara automatik dan membuat keputusan yang bijak pada grid. Kajian perbandingan menunjukkan ringkasan mengenai kaedah, pengurangan beban dan kos, penjadualan, penetapan harga serta liputan jaringan mereka. Oleh itu, pelanggan boleh memilih skema mengikut keperluan masing-masing atau dapat menggabungkan dua atau lebih skema untuk mencapai pelbagai jenis faedah menggunakan tenaga dengan baik secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif.

Kata kunci: Grid pintar; kecekapan tenaga; pengurusan daripada sisi permintaan; peranti pintar; sumber yang boleh diperbaharui

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: noshinfatima1990@gmail.com