Sains Malaysiana 50(11)(2021): 3219-3229

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5011-06

Enhanced Drought Tolerance of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) by Grafting Method

 (Peningkatan Toleransi Kemarau Kopi Arabica (Coffea arabica L.) melalui Kaedah Cantuman)

NGOC-THANG VU¹, JONG-MAN PARK², NGOC-QUAT NGUYEN³, TRONG-TRUONG-SON NGUYEN⁴, IL-SOEP KIM ²& DONG-CHEOL JANG²*

¹Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam

²Department of Horticulture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea

³Field Crops Research Institute, Hai Duong, Vietnam

⁴Hanoi University of Natural Resource and Environment, Hanoi, Vietnam

Diserahkan: 1 Mei 2020/Diterima: 16 Mac 2021

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate grafting method to improve the drought tolerance of Coffea arabica. Using C. arabica species as scions, and C. robusta as rootstock, the grafted plant was compared with the non-grafted plant (C. arabica) under water deficit condition. The result shown that growth parameters such as plant height, leaf length, and leaf width of the grafted coffee plants were higher than those of the non-grafted. The leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were highly reduced in non-grafted coffee plants. The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values of the grafted and non-grafted coffee plants decreased significantly with increasing duration under water deficit condition. The SPAD and Fv/Fm values of the two coffee types were also increased significantly with increasing duration after re-watering. Compared to the non-grafted plants, higher values of SPAD, Fv/Fm and relative water content in the leaf were observed in the grafted coffee plants. Moreover, lower values of relative ion leakage were observed in the grafted coffee plants after three days of water withholding and one month after re-watering. On the other hand, the grafted coffee plants showed enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the percentages of wilting plant under water deficit condition, and increasing the recovery percentages after re-watering.

Keywords: Coffee; drought tolerance; grafting; growth; physiology

ABSTRAK

Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai kaedah cantuman untuk meningkatkan toleransi kemarauCoffea arabica. Dengan menggunakan spesiesC. arabica sebagai skion dan C. robusta sebagai stok akar, tanaman yang dicantumkan dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak dicantumkan(C. arabica) dalam keadaan kekurangan air. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa parameter pertumbuhan seperti tinggi tanaman, panjang daun dan lebar daun tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan lebih tinggi berbanding tanaman kopi yang tidak dicantumkan. Luas daun, berat tanaman segar dan kering sangat berkurang pada tanaman kopi yang tidak dicantumkan. Nilai kandungan klorofil daun (SPAD) dan pendarfluor klorofil (Fv/Fm) tanaman kopi yang dicantum dan tidak dicantumkan menurun dengan ketara dengan peningkatan tempoh dalam keadaan kekurangan air. Nilai SPAD dan Fv/Fm daripada kedua-dua jenis kopi juga meningkat dengan ketara selari dengan peningkatan tempoh selepas penyiraman semula. Berbanding dengan tanaman yang tidak dicantumkan, nilai SPAD, Fv/Fm dan kandungan air relatif dalam daun dilihat lebih tinggi pada tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan. Tambahan pula, nilai kebocoran ion relatif yang lebih rendah diperhatikan pada tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan setelah tiga hari tidak disiram dan satu bulan setelah penyiraman semula. Sebaliknya, tanaman kopi yang dicantumkan menunjukkan peningkatan toleransi kekeringan dengan mengurangkan peratusan tanaman layu dalam keadaan kekurangan air dan meningkatkan peratusan pemulihan setelah penyiraman semula.

Kata kunci: Cantuman; fisiologi; kunci; pertumbuhan; toleransi kemarau

RUJUKAN

Barros, R.S., Mota, J.W.S., DaMatta, F.M. & Maestri, M. 1997. Decline of vegetative growth in Coffea arabica L. in relation to leaf temperature, water potential and stomatal conductance. Field Crops Research 54(1): 65-72.

Carr, M.K.V. 2001. The water relations and irrigation requirements of coffee. Experimental Agriculture 37(1): 1-36.

Cheserek, J.J. & Gichimu, B.M. 2012. Drought and heat tolerance in coffee: A review. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Soil Science 2(12): 498-501.

DaMatta, F.M. 2004. Exploring drought tolerance in coffee: A physiological approach with some insights for plant breeding. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 16(1): 1-6. 

DaMatta, F.M. & Ramalho, J.D.C. 2006. Impacts of drought and temperature stress on coffee physiology and production: A review. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 18(1): 55-81.

DaMatta, F.M., Chaves, A.R.M., Pinheiro, H.A., Ducatti, C. & Loureiro, M.E. 2003. Drought tolerance of two field-grown clones of Coffea canephora. Plant Science 164(1): 111-117.

DaMatta, F.M., Maestri, M., Barros, R.S. & Regazzi, A.J. 1993. Water relations of coffee leaves (C. arabica and C. canephora) in response to drought. Journal of Horticultural Science 68(5): 741-746.

Dias, P.C., Araujo, W.L., Moraes, G.A.B.K., Barros, R.S. & DaMatta, F.M. 2007. Morphological and physiological responses of two coffee progenies to soil water availability. Journal of Plant Physiology 164(12): 1639-1647.

D' Souza, G.F., Renukaswamy, N.S., Anand, C.G., Awati, M.G. & Lamani, B. 2009. Biochemical and physiological changes in two Arabica coffee genotypes in relation to drought tolerance. Journal of Coffee Research 37: 26-42.

Fahl, J.I., Carelli, M.L.C., Menezes, H.C., Gallo, P.B. & Trevelin, P.C.O. 2001. Gas exchange, growth, yield and beverage quality of Coffea arabica cultivars grafted on to C. canephora and C. congensis. Experimental Agriculture 37(2): 241-252.

Hoagland, D.R. & Arnon, D.I. 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agricultural Experiment Station Circular 347: 1-32.

Kumar, A., Ramamurthy, N., Muralidhara, H.R. & Srinivasan, C.S. 2003. Interspecific grafting and its influence on yield, bean quality, caffeine content and nutrients uptake of arabica scion cultivars. Journal of Coffee Research 31(1): 76-94.

Lee, J.M. & Oda, M. 2003. Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops. Horticultural Reviews 28: 61-124.

Lee, J.M., Kubota, C., Tsao, S.J., Bie, Z., Hoyos Echevarria, P., Morra, L. & Oda, M. 2010. Current status of vegetable grafting: Diffusion, grafting techniques, automation. Scientia Horticulturae 127(2): 93-105.

Nanda, A.K. & Melnyk, C.W. 2018. The role of plant hormones during grafting. Journal of Plant Research 131(1): 49-58.

Novaes, P., Souza, J.P. & Prado, C.H.B.A. 2011. Grafting for improving net photosynthesis of Coffee arabica in field in southeast of Brazil. Expl. Agric. 47(1): 53-68.

Patil, S., D’Souza, G.F., Umesh, D.K. & Rudragouda, C. 2019. Rootstock scion interaction effects on biochemical and gas exchange drought tolerant traits in arabica (Coffea arabica L.) coffee. Plant Physiology Reports 24(3): 316-327.

Pinheiro, H.A., DaMatta, F.M., Chaves, A.R.M., Loureiro, M.E. & Ducatti, C. 2005. Drought tolerance is associated with rooting depth and stomatal control of water use in clones of Coffea canephora. Annals of Botany 96(1): 101-108.

Rivero, R.M., Ruiz, J.M. & Romero, L. 2003. Role of grafting in horticultural plants under stress conditions. Food, Agriculture & Environment 1(1): 70-74.

Tesfaye, S.G., Ismail, M.R., Ramlan, M.F., Marziah, M. & Kausar, H. 2014. Effect of soil drying on rate of stress development, leaf gas exchange and proline accumulation in robusta coffee (Coffea canephora pierre ex froehner) clones. Experimental Agriculture 50(3): 458-479.

Worku, M. & Astatkie, T. 2010. Dry matter partitioning and physiological responses of Coffea arabica varieties to soil moisture deficit stress at the seedling stage in Southwest Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(15): 2066-2072.

Zhang, X.B., Lei, L., Lai, J.S., Zhao, H.M. & Song, W.B. 2018. Effects of drought stress and water recovery on physiological responses and gene expression in maize seedlings. BMC Plant Biology 18(68): 1-16.

Zhao, M.G., Zhao, X., Wu, Y.X. & Zhang, L.X. 2007. Enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress in an Arabidopsis nitric oxide synthase mutant. Journal of Plant Physiology 164(6): 737-745.

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: jdc@kangwon.ac.kr