Sains
Malaysiana 50(3)(2021): 605-616
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5003-04
Habitat
Preferences Dictate Amphibian Assemblage and Diversity in Langkawi Island,
Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
(Pemilihan
Habitat Menentukan Himpunan dan Kepelbagaian Amfibia di Pulau Langkawi, Kedah,
Semenanjung Malaysia)
NUR JOHANA JOHARI1,
AMIRRUDIN AHMAD2,3, EHWAN NGADI4, MUZZNEENA AHMAD
MUSTAPHA5, LARRY LEE GRISMER6 & NORHAYATI AHMAD7*
1Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty
of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
3Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable
Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
Darul Iman, Malaysia
4Kolej GENIUS Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar
Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus, Malaysia
5Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
6Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra
University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California, 92515-8247 U.S.A
7Langkawi Research Centre, Institute for Environment and
Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 3 Februari
2020/Diterima: 17 Ogos 2020
ABSTRACT
Various habitats found on Langkawi Island such as
agricultural fields, peat swamps, lowland forests, upland forests, and riverine
forests are occupied by many species of anuran fauna. These variations provide
a platform to explore species diversity, distribution, and other ecological
parameters to understand the distribution patterns and to facilitate the
management of important species within particular areas. The objective of this
study was to compare species richness of anuran species in different types of
habitat on Langkawi Island, Malaysia. We surveyed seven types of habitat,
namely agriculture (AG), coastal (CL), forest (FT), pond (PD), fisherman
village near estuarine mangrove (FVM), riparian forest (RF), and river (RV). A
total of 775 individuals were recorded, representing 23 species from 14 genera
and six families known to occur on Langkawi Island. Forest (FT) and riparian
forest (RF) (both forest habitats) indicated relatively high values of Shannon
Index (H’), 2.60 and 2.38 respectively, compared to the other non-forest
habitats, CL (1.82), RV (1.71), FVM (1.56), PD (1.54), and AG (1.53). Rank
abundance curves showed that the majority of disturbed habitats displayed
geometric series models and broken stick models, whereas forest habitat types
(FT and RF) represented log normal models. The performance of species richness
estimators varied but Chao 1 estimator performed well for many sampled habitat
types and showed the tendency to coalesce with Sobs (Mao Tau) curves
except for CL and FVM. As expected, the forested habitat (FT and RF) was more
diverse in species diversity compared to those of non-forest groups.
Nevertheless, non-forested species were found in abundance, highlighting the
relevance of these habitats in supporting the amphibian fauna. This study
highlights the importance of habitat types in structuring species diversity and
community structures and suggest that the information may be useful to improve
conservation practices of inland amphibian habitats.
Keywords: Abundance; anurans; commonness; distribution;
rarity
ABSTRAK
Pulau Langkawi mempunyai kepelbagaian habitat,
seperti ladang pertanian, paya gambut, hutan tanah rendah, hutan tanah tinggi
dan aliran sungai di kawasan hutan. Kepelbagaian habitat ini menjadi perantara
untuk meneroka kepelbagaian spesies, taburan dan parameter ekologi lain dalam
memahami pola taburan dan memudahkan pengurusan spesies dalam sesuatu kawasan
tertentu. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membandingkan kekayaan spesies anura
dalam pelbagai jenis habitat di Pulau Langkawi, Malaysia. Tinjauan dilakukan
terhadap tujuh jenis habitat iaitu pertanian (AG), pantai (CL), hutan (FT),
kolam (PD), perkampungan nelayan (FVM), aliran sungai di kawasan hutan (RF) dan
sungai (RV). Sejumlah 775 individu telah direkodkan, mewakili 23 spesies
daripada 14 genus dan enam famili katak yang terdapat di Pulau Langkawi,
semenanjung Malaysia. FT dan RF (kedua-duanya habitat hutan) masing-masing
menunjukkan nilai Shannon Index (H ') yang tinggi, 2.60 dan 2.38, berbanding
dengan habitat bukan hutan, CL (1.82), RV (1.71), FVM (1.56) PD (1.54) dan AG
(1.53). Lengkungan kelimpahan menunjukkan sebahagian besar habitat yang
terganggu mewakili model ‘log geometric series’ dan ‘broken stick’, manakala
jenis habitat hutan (FT dan RF) mewakili model ‘log normal’. Terdapat pelbagai
pengukur kekayaan spesies, namun, Chao 1 mempunyai kecenderungan lengkung Sobs (Mao Tau) hampir pada kebanyakan jenis sampel habitat kecuali di CL dan FVM.
Seperti yang dijangkakan, habitat hutan (FT dan RF) mempunyai kepelbagaian
spesies yang tinggi berbanding kumpulan habitat bukan hutan. Walau
bagaimanapun, spesies bukan hutan dijumpai dalam kelimpahan individu yang
tinggi, justeru menunjukkan kepelbagaian habitat ini menyokong kelestarian
amfibia. Kajian ini menonjolkan kepentingan pelbagai habitat dalam menentukan
kepelbagaian dan komuniti struktur, seterusnya mencadangkan maklumat data yang
diperoleh sangat berguna dalam pemuliharaan habitat amfibia.
Kata kunci: Katak; kelimpahan; kesamaan; spesies langka;
taburan
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: norhayatiahmad@ukm.edu.my
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