Sains Malaysiana 50(4)(2021): 929-943

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-05

Teknologi Georuang dalam Analisis Potensi dan Pemetaan Risiko Tsunami di Pantai Barat Semenanjung Malaysia

(Geospatial Technology in Potential Analysis and Mapping of Tsunami Risk at West Coast Peninsular Malaysia)

NOOR SUHAIZA SAUTI^1,2*, MOHD EFFENDI DAUD¹ MASIRI KAAMIN³ & NAJIHAH REMALI⁴

¹Fakulti Kejuruteraan Awam dan Alam Bina, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

²Jabatan Pendidikan Politeknik dan Kolej Komuniti (JPPKK), Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

61200 Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan

Malaysia

³Neo Environmental Technology, Pusat Pengajian Diploma, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Muar, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

⁴MCS Management Sdn Bhd, 40460 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 30 September 2019/Diterima: 18 September 2020

ABSTRAK

Gempa bumi yang berlaku pada 26 Disember 2004 telah mencetuskan gelombang tsunami terbesar menyebabkan limpahan tersebar di seluruh Lautan Hindi. Impaknya mengakibatkan kerosakan yang luas, kehilangan harta benda dan kehidupan terjejas di sepanjang pantai meliputi 12 negara di sepanjang Lautan Hindi. Kehilangan nyawa juga melibatkan rakyat dari 27 negara dari bahagian lain di dunia termasuklah di Malaysia terutamanya di pantai barat Semenanjung Malaysia. Kesignifikanan daripada bencana tsunami di Lautan Hindi ini, suatu tindakan persediaan dan mitigasi perlu dilaksanakan oleh pihak pengurusan bencana untuk menilai dan mengambil langkah yang bersesuaian untuk menangani dan mengurangkan risiko bencana tsunami. Kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi dan memetakan kawasan risiko tsunami di kawasan persisiran pantai barat Semenanjung Malaysia. Analisis potensi bahaya tsunami bagi penduduk di pantai barat Semenanjung Malaysia khususnya di Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah dilaksanakan menggunakan perisian Tsunami Display Program untuk memodelkan mekanisme pembentukan tsunami, perambatan gelombang dan tahap limpahan tsunami. Seterusnya bagi mengenal pasti risiko iaitu tahap kerentanan sesuatu kawasan terhadap bahaya tsunami, teknologi georuang diaplikasikan untuk menganalisis lokasi kawasan yang berbahaya dan selamat dengan mengambil kira faktor-faktor seperti guna tanah, jarak kawasan daripada persisiran pantai dan permukaan topografi atau kecerunan serta tinggi sesuatu kawasan. Fungsi tindihan lapisan dan pengelasan dalam teknologi georuang digunakan untuk mengelaskan kawasan kepada zon sangat bahaya, zon bahaya, zon sederhana dan zon selamat sekiranya berlaku tsunami. Hasil kajian ini mengenal pasti kawasan berpotensi terjejas selepas bencana iaitu Kampung Kuala Sungai Muda, Kampung Masjid, Kampung Kepala Jalan dan Kampung Padang Salin (Kampung Hujong Permatang) dengan purata jarak daripada garisan pantai kurang daripada 400 m serta peta kawasan berisiko berpandukan tahap kerentanan bencana tsunami di Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah. Sumbangan daripada kajian ini diharap dapat membantu pihak berkenaan dalam urusan persediaan, perancangan dan mitigasi bencana tsunami pada masa akan datang. 

Kata kunci: Georuang; kerentanan; pemetaan; simulasi tsunami 

ABSTRACT

An earthquake that occurred on December 26, 2004, triggered the most massive tsunami wave that spread over the entire Indian Ocean. The impacts of widespread damage have caused loss of property and impaired life along the coast covering 12 countries along the Indian Ocean. Loss of life has also involved people from 27 countries from other parts of the world including Malaysia especially on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Significantly from the tsunami disaster in this Indian Ocean, a preparatory and mitigation action needs to be undertaken by disaster management to assess and take appropriate measures to address and mitigate the risks of the tsunami. This study is to analyze the potential and map the tsunami risk areas on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The tsunami hazard analysis for residents on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia especially in Kuala Muda City, Kedah was implemented using the Tsunami Display Program software to model the tsunami formation mechanism, wave propagation and tsunami overflow. Furthermore, to identify the risks of the vulnerability of an area to tsunami hazard, geospatial technology is applied to analyze the location of hazardous and safe areas by taking into account factors such as land use, distance from coastal and topographic or slope surfaces and elevated areas. Layer overlays and classification in geospatial technology are used to classify areas into extremely dangerous zones, hazard zones, moderate zones and safe zones in the event of a tsunami. The results of this study identified potential areas affected by the disasters such as Kampung Kuala Sungai Muda, Kampung Masjid, Kampung Kepala Jalan and Kampung Padang Salin (Kampung Hujong Permatang) with an average distance of fewer than 400 m of coastline and the map of hazardous areas based on the tsunami disaster susceptibility in Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah. Contributions from this study are expected to assist the stakeholders in preparing, planning and mitigating the tsunami disaster in the future.

Keywords: Geospatial; mapping; tsunami simulation; vulnerability

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: masiri@uthm.edu.my