Sains Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1563-1575

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-05

Kesan Suhu dan Bahan Tambah Abu Terbang terhadap Pencirian Mekanik Bata daripada Sisa Rawatan Air Mentah

(Effects of Temperature and Fly Ash Additive on Mechanical Characteristics of Brick from Raw Water Treatment Sludge)

ZULFAHMI ALI RAHMAN*, AKRIMI MASWA OTHMAN, WAN MOHD. RAZI IDRIS & TUKIMAT LIHAN

Pusat Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 11 Mei 2020/Diterima: 8 Oktober 2020

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan semula sisa dalam pembangunan bata giat diusahakan dan beberapa pengubahsuaian dilakukan bagi menghasilkan produk bata yang berkualiti baik dan selamat. Suhu merupakan antara faktor yang mempengaruhi cirian mekanik bata. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh suhu dan abu terbang (RAM) terhadap sifat mekanik bata yang dihasilkan daripada campuran sisa rawatan air mentah (RAM). Dua jenis sampel bata disediakan melibatkan bata 100% sisa RAM (RAM100) dan bata campuran 80% sisa RAM dan 20% AT (RAM80). Kedua-dua jenis sampel dikenakan suhu pembakaran berbeza (tanpa bakar, 500 °C, 700 °C) selama tiga jam. Ujian larutresap turut dilakukan bagi mengenal pasti kepekatan logam berat yang hadir dalam bata. Pencirian mekanik bagi penyusutan linear menunjukkan peningkatan dengan pertambahan suhu. Kehadiran sisa AT meningkatkan nilai penyusutan linear yang lebih tinggi berbanding bata berasaskan RAM (RAM100) apabila suhu meningkat daripada 350 kepada 700 °C. Nilai ketumpatan kedua-dua jenis bata turut menyusut dengan peningkatan suhu namun meningkat semula pada suhu yang lebih tinggi (700 °C). Kedua-dua jenis bata juga menunjukkan peningkatan penyerapan air dengan peningkatan suhu. Kehadiran AT turut mengurangkan nilai serapan air berbanding bata RAM100. Kekuatan mampatan bata meningkat dengan peningkatan suhu dan bata RAM100 menunjukkan corak peratus peningkatan yang ketara berbanding bata RAM80. Namun, daripada perspektif peratusan, kehadiran AT menunjukkan peratusan pertambahan kekuatan mampatan yang ketara berbanding bata RAM100. Daripada hasil ujian larutresap dan cirian mekanik yang dilakukan, sisa rawatan air dan abu terbang berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan asas dalam pembangunan bata dan beberapa pengubahsuaian diperlukan bagi mencapai piawaian yang ditetapkan sebagai bahan binaan alternatif.

Kata kunci: Abu terbang; bata; kekuatan mampatan; larutresap; sisa rawatan air mentah

ABSTRACT

Re-utilization of wastes in brick development has been progressively carried out and several modifications have been done to produce brick with good quality and safe. Temperature is among the factors that control the mechanical properties of brick. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature and fly ash on mechanical properties of brick from raw water treatment sludge (RAM). Two types of brick samples were prepared included brick with 100% of RAM (RAM100) and brick from mixture of 80% of RAM and 20% AT (RAM80). Both samples were treated with different firing temperatures (unfired, 500 °C, 700 °C) for 3 h. Leaching test was also conducted to identify the concentration of the present heavy metals in the brick. The mechanical characteristic of linear shrinkage showed an increasing trend with the increase in temperature. The presence of AT increased the value of linear shrinkage compared to brick with RAM base (RAM100) as the temperatures were increased from 350 to 700 °C. The density of both bricks also decreased with increasing temperature, however, increased back at higher temperature (700 °C). Both bricks showed increased in water absorption with increased temperatures. Presence of AT also decreased the value of water absorption when compared with RAM100 brick. The compressive strength of brick increased with increasing temperature and RAM100 brick showed apparently higher percentage than RAM80 brick. Role of AT also significantly increased the percentage of compressive strength compared to that brick of RAM100. Based on the results of leaching tests and mechanical characteristics, the raw water treatment sludge and fly ash are potentially re-utilized as base material in development of brick and several modifications are required to achieve the regulated standard as alternative construction material.

Keywords: Brick; compressive strength; fly ash; leaching; raw water treatment sludge

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: zarah1970@ukm.edu.my