Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022): 3195-3202

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-07

Monosaccharide Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Sulphated Polysaccharide Extracted from Indonesian Brown Seaweed (Sargassum sp.)

(Profil Monosakarida dan Aktiviti Antioksida Polisakarida Tersulfat yang Diekstrak daripada Rumpai Laut Perang Indonesia (Sargassum sp.))

SENG JOE LIM^1,2,*, SHARIFAH HABIBAH SYED KHALAFU¹, STEFAN BÖHMDORFER³, THOMAS ROSENAU³, MOHAMAD YUSOF MASKAT^1,2, NOOR SOFFALINA SOFIAN SENG^1,2, NOORUL SYUHADA MOHD RAZALI^1,2 & WAN AIDA WAN MUSTAPHA^1,2

¹Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria

Diserahkan: 5 Jun 2022/Diterima: 1 Ogos 2022

Abstract

This research was conducted to determine the monosaccharide profile and antioxidant activities of the sulphated polysaccharide fucoidan, extracted from Sargassum sp. harvested in Batam, Indonesia. Crude fucoidan (F_sar) was extracted using low pH (pH 2) acid method, obtaining a yield of 5.5% (w/w), and the chemical properties of F_sar were subsequently compared to commercial fucoidan (F_comm), obtained from Japan. Sulphate contents were determined using spectrophotometric analysis, where F_sar (5.21±0.35%) and F_comm (8.80±0.19%) differed significantly (p<0.05). Monosaccharide profiling was performed using methanolysis and gas chromatography-flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). F_sar contained fucose (138.34 µg/g), 4-O-methyl-glucuronic acid (105.39 µg/g), galactose (70.49 µg/g) and glucuronic acid (30.60 µg/g) while F_comm contained fucose (520 µg/g) and glucuronic acid (62.93 µg/g) as its main composition. Antioxidant activities were analysed through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (SOA) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging activities. DPPH scavenging activity of F_sar (40.67±4.0%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than F_comm(10.11±1.0%), while SOA and ·OH scavenging activities showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between F_sar and F_comm. F_sar showed significant differences (p<0.05) in chemical properties and DPPH scavenging activities compared to that of F_comm. Fucoidan from Southeast Asia waters has the potential for application as functional ingredients.

Keywords: Brown seaweed; DPPH; fucoidan; monosaccharide profiling; sulphated polysaccharides

Abstrak

Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti profil monosakarida dan aktiviti antioksida polisakarida tersulfat fukoidan yang diekstrak daripada Sargassum sp., dari Batam, Indonesia. Fukoidan kasar (F_sar) diekstrak dengan kaedah pengekstrakan asid pada pH rendah (pH 2) dan telah memperoleh hasil pengekstrakan sebanyak 5.5% (w/w). Seterusnya, ciri kimia F_sar telah dibandingkan dengan fukoidan komersial dari Jepun (F_comm). Kandungan sulfat dikenal pasti menggunakan kaedah spektrofotometrik dengan F_sar (5.21±0.35%) dan F_comm (8.80±0.19%) menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan (p<0.05). Pemprofilan monosakarida dijalankan menggunakan kaedah metanolisis dan kromatografi gas-pengesan nyala pengionan (GC-FID). F_sar didapati mengandungi fukosa (138.34 µg/g), asid 4-O-methil-glukuronik (105.39 µg/g), galaktosa (70.49 µg/g) dan asid glukuronik (30.60 µg/g); manakala F_comm mengandungi fukosa (520 µg/g) dan asid glukuronik (62.93 µg/g) sebagai monosakarida utama. Aktiviti antioksidan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah pemerangkapan radikal bebas2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), anion superoksida (SOA) dan radikal hidroksil (·OH). F_sar (40.67±4.0%) menunjukkan aktiviti pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (p<0.05) berbanding F_comm(10.11±1.0%), manakala aktiviti pemerangkapanSOA dan ·OH tidak menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan (p>0.05) antara F_sar dan F_comm. Secara keseluruhannya, F_sar menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan (p<0.05) dalam ciri kimia dan aktiviti pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH berbanding F_comm. Ini menunjukkan fukoidan dari perairan Asia Tenggara mempunyai potensi untuk dibangunkan sebagai ingredien kefungsian. 

Kata kunci: DPPH; fukoidan; pemprofilan monosakarida; polisakarida tersulfat; rumpai laut perang

RUJUKAN

Ale, M.T., Mikkelsen, J.D. & Meyer, A.S. 2011. Important determinants for fucoidan bioactivity: A critical review of structure-function relations and extraction methods for fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides from brown seaweeds. Marine Drugs 9(10): 2106-2130. https://doi.org/10.3390/md9102106

Cumashi, A., Ushakova, N.A., Preobrazhenskaya, M.E., D’Incecco, A., Piccoli, A., Totani, L., Tinari, N., Morozevich, G.E., Berman, A.E., Bilan, M.I., Usov, A.I., Ustyuzhanina, N.E., Grachev, A.A., Sanderson, C.J., Kelly, M., Rabinovich, G.A., Iacobelli, S., Nifantiev, N.E., Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Bio-Oncologia, Italy. 2007. A comparative study of the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antiadhesive activities of nine different fucoidans from brown seaweeds. Glycobiology 17(5): 541-552. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwm014.

Junaidi Lukman. 2013. Simple extraction and molecular weight characterization of fucoidan from Indonesian Sargassum sp. Biopropal Industri 4(2). https://doi.org/10.36974/jbi.v4i2.808.

Husni, A., Izmi, N., Ayunani, F.Z., Kartini, A., Husnayain, N. & Isnansetyo, A. 2022. Characteristics and antioxidant activity of fucoidan from Sargassum hystrix: Effect of extraction method. International Journal of Food Science 2022: 3689724. doi: 10.1155/2022/3689724

Kamerling, J.P. & Gerwig, G.J. 2007. Strategies for the structural analysis of carbohydrates. In Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology 2-4: 1-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451967-2/00032-5

Khalafu, S.H.S., Wan Aida, W.M., Lim, S.J. & Maskat, M.Y. 2017. Effects of deodorisation methods on volatile compounds, chemical properties and antioxidant activities of fucoidan isolated from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.). Algal Research 25(December 2016): 507-515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.018

Lim Seng Joe, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Schiehser Sonja, Rosenau Thomas & Böhmdorfer Stefan. 2019. Structural elucidation of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus (Okinawa mozuku). Food Chemistry 272: 222-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.034

Lim Seng Joe, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha & Mohamad Yusof Maskat. 2017. Seaweed tea: Fucoidan-rich functional food product development from Malaysian brown seaweed, Sargassum binderi. Sains Malaysiana 46(9): 1573-1579. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-28.

Lim Seng Joe, Wan Mustapha Wan Aida, Mohamad Yusof Maskat, Jalifah Latip, Khairiah Haji Badri, Osman Hassan & Bohari M. Yamin. 2016. Characterisation of fucoidan extracted from Malaysian Sargassum binderi. Food Chemistry 209(October): 267-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.058.

Lim Seng Joe, Wan Mustapha Wan Aida, Mohamad Yusof Maskat, Said Mamot, Jokiman Ropien, & Diah Mazita Mohd. 2014. Isolation and antioxidant capacity of fucoidan from selected Malaysian seaweeds. Food Hydrocolloids 42(P2): 280-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.03.007

Lim Sze Ling, Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha & Seng Joe Lim. 2017a. Kesan kaedah pemendakan berbeza terhadap ciri fizikokimia dan aktiviti antioksidan alginat daripada Sargassum sp. Sains Malaysiana 46(10): 1807-1816. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4610-18.

Mak, W., Hamid, N., Liu, T., Lu, J. & White, W.L. 2013. Fucoidan from New Zealand Undaria pinnatifida: Monthly variations and determination of antioxidant activities. Carbohydrate Polymers 95(1): 606-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.047.

Mohd Fauziee, Nur Afifah, Chang Lee Sin, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Md Nor Adibi Rahiman & Lim Seng Joe. 2021. Functional polysaccharides of fucoidan, laminaran and alginate from Malaysian brown seaweeds (Sargassum polycystum, Turbinaria ornata and Padina boryana). International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 167: 1135-1145. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.067

Rocha De Souza, M.C., Marques, C.T., Guerra Dore, C.M., Ferreira Da Silva, F.R., Oliveira Rocha, H.A. & Leite, E.L. 2007. Antioxidant activities of sulfated polysaccharides from brown and red seaweeds. Journal of Applied Phycology 19: 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-006-9121-z

Sharifi-Rad, M., Anil Kumar, N.V., Zucca, P., Varoni, E.M., Dini, L., Panzarini, E., Rajkovic, J., Tsouh Fokou, P.V., Azzini, E., Peluso, I., Prakash Mishra, A., Nigam, M., El Rayess, Y., Beyrouthy, M.E., Polito, L., Iriti, M., Martins, N., Martorell, M., Docea, A.O., Setzer, W.N., Calina, D., Cho, W.C. & Sharifi-Rad, J. 2020. Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: Back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Frontiers in Physiology 11: 694. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00694

Sinurat, E., Rosmawaty, P. & Saepudin, E. 2015. Characterization of fucoidan extracts Binuangeun’s Brown seaweed. Int. J. Chem. Environ. Biol. Sci. 3(4): 329-332. http://www.isaet.org/images/extraimages/P615203.pdf.

Tan Chia Sin, Sharifah Habibah Syed Khalafu, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, Mohamad Yusof Maskat & Seng Joe Lim. 2018. Deodorisation of fucoidan and its effect towards physicochemical characteristics and antioxidation activities. Sains Malaysiana 47(7): 1501-1510. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-18

Wang, C.Y. & Chen, Y.C. 2016. Extraction and characterization of fucoidan from six brown macroalgae. Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Taiwan) 24(2): 319-328. https://doi.org/10.6119/JMST-015-0521-3

Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Z., Song, H. & Li, P. 2010. Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 46(1): 6-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.10.015

^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: joe@ukm.edu.my