Sains Malaysiana 51(11)(2022): 3509-3522

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-01

Impak Penyerpihan Habitat terhadap Kepelbagaian Spesies Mamalia di Koridor Ekologi Central Forest Spine (CFS), Kompleks Hutan Banjaran Titiwangsa, Semenanjung Malaysia

(The Impact of Habitat Fragmentation on Mammal Species Diversity at the Central Forest Spine Ecological Corridor (CFS), Main Range Forest Complex, Peninsular Malaysia)

NUR IZZATI ABDULLAH^1*, MUHAMMAD RIZAL ABDUL RAHIM², NURUL DARSANI AMAT DARBIS³, NOR ATIQAH NORAZLIMI⁴ & SHUKOR MD NOR¹

¹Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN) Semenanjung Malaysia, KM 10, Jalan Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

³Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Research Sdn. Bhd. No. 1, Lorong Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Fakulti Sains Gunaan dan Teknologi, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (Kampus Pagoh), Muar 84600, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 30 Mac 2022/Diterima: 17 Julai 2022

Abstrak

Penyerpihan habitat adalah pemacu kepada isu kepupusan pelbagai spesies yang menyebabkan serpihan hutan menjadi lebih kecil dan terpencil. Kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengukur komposisi serta kepelbagaian spesies mamalia terestrial (bersaiz sederhana dan besar) di koridor ekologi CFS1:PL1 dan CFS1:PL6. Pemasangan 211 perangkap kamera di kedua-dua koridor berjaya menghasilkan sejumlah 43,799 imej bebas (8,594 perangkap/malam). Sebanyak 30 spesies mamalia berjaya direkodkan dengan 28 spesies daripadanya ditemui di PL1 dan 17 spesies di PL6. Artiodactyla adalah Order yang menunjukkan kekerapan hadir tertinggi (869 imej bebas) manakala Karnivora adalah Order yang mencatatkan kepelbagaian spesies tertinggi (14 spesies). Sebanyak sembilan spesies menyumbang kepada lebih daripada 90% komuniti mamalia di PL1 dan PL6 dan tiada perbezaan yang signifikan antara komuniti mamalia di kedua-dua kawasan kajian. Hasil analisis mendapati babi hutan (Sus scrofa) (PCRI = 62.17), kijang (Muntiacus muntjak) (PCRI = 31.20) dan beruang matahari (Helarctos malayanus) (PCRI = 15.14) merekodkan kekerapan (PCRI > 10) yang tinggi melintasi koridor PL1. Manakala di PL6, spesies yang sering direkodkan ialah kijang (Muntiacus muntjak) (PCRI = 47.70), tapir Malaya (Tapirus indicus) (PCRI = 26.21), babi hutan (Sus scrofa) (PCRI = 23.61), gajah Asia (Elephas maximus) (PCRI = 11.57) dan seladang (Bos gaurus) (PCRI = 10.63). Walau bagaimanapun, kekerapan melintasi koridor bagi mamalia sederhana hanya dilihat di PL1 sahaja oleh spesies pelanduk/napuh (Tragulus sp.) (PCRI = 20.88) dan landak raya (Hystrix brachyura) (PCRI = 14.68). Tuntasnya, langkah pemuliharaan yang lebih efektif dan pelan pembinaan lintasan hidupan liar perlu dilaksanakan di kedua-dua koridor memandangkan koridor ini digunakan pada frekuensi yang tinggi.

Kata kunci: Central Forest Spine; kepelbagaian spesies; koridor ekologi; mamalia; perangkap kamera

Abstract

Habitat fragmentation is a key driver to the issue of multi-species extinction which causes forest fragments to become smaller and more isolated. This study was conducted to determine the composition and diversity of terrestrial mammal species (medium to large size) in the ecological corridors of CFS1:PL1 and CFS1:PL6. The installation of 211 camera traps in both corridors successfully recorded a total of 43,799 independent images (8,594 traps/night). There are a total of 30 mammalian species documented, including 28 species in PL1 and 17 species in PL6. The Order with the highest frequency of presence (869 independent images) was Artiodactyla, while the Order with the highest species diversity was Carnivore (14 species). There were no significant differences between the mammalian communities in the two study areas, and nine species contributed to more than 90% of the mammalian communities in PL1 and PL6. This analysis found that wild boar (Sus scrofa) (PCRI = 62.17), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) (PCRI = 31.20), and sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) (PCRI = 15.14) recorded a high frequency of crossing the ecological corridor (PCRI > 10) of PL1. While in PL6, the most frequently recorded species were barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak) (PCRI = 47.70), Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) (PCRI = 26.21), wild boar (Sus scrofa) (PCRI = 23.61), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) (PCRI = 11.57) and gaur (Bos gaurus) (PCRI = 10.63). However, for medium sized mammals, the frequency of crossing the corridor was only seen in PL1 by the species of mousedeer (Tragulus sp.) (PCRI = 20.88) and Malayan porcupine (Hystrix brachyura) (PCRI = 14.68). Therefore, more effective conservation plans and wildlife crossing structure need to be implemented in both corridors as these corridors were used at high frequencies.

Keywords: Camera trap; Central Forest Spine; ecological corridor; mammals; species diversity

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: p90573@siswa.ukm.edu.my