Changes of Grip Strength, Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Monoiodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis in Rats

(Perubahan pada Kekuatan Genggaman, Rawan Artikul dan Tulang Subkondral dalam Osteoartritis Aruhan Monoiodoasetat pada Tikus)

SOPHIA OGECHI EKEUKU¹, FAIRUS AHMAD² & KOK-YONG CHIN^1,*

¹Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 24 Ogos 2021/Diterima: 27 Jun 2022

Abstract

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease affecting articular cartilage among the elderly. The intra-articular monoiodoacetate injection is one of the most widely used methods to induce osteoarthritis in animals. While the effects of monoiodoacetate on cartilage are well-characterized, its effects on subchondral bone remodeling are less studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of the grip strength, articular cartilage structure and subchondral bone remodeling in monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were assigned to normal control (n=6) and osteoarthritis group (n=6), which received intra-articular injection of 4 mg/50 µL monoiodoacetate solution once at the left knee of hindlimb. The rats were monitored for four weeks. The grip strength test was performed before injection and every week after injection. After four weeks, the femurs with intact cartilage were harvested for histomorphological analysis. Grip strength was reduced significantly in the osteoarthritic rats compared to the normal rats (p<0.05). Food intake was reduced significantly one week following monoiodoacetate-induction (p<0.05), but it stabilized afterwards. Monoiodoacetate injection increased cartilage erosion and osteoclast number in the subchondral bone of the osteoarthritic rats compared to the normal rats (p<0.05). However, it did not affect body weight, subchondral bone osteoblast activity, mineralization and microstructure of osteoarthritic rats (p>0.05). As a conclusion, monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis affects the cartilage and increases osteoclast formation in the subchondral bone of rats.

Keywords: Femur; monoiodoacetate; osteoarthritis; subchondral bone

Abstrak

Osteoartritis ialah penyakit degeneratif yang merosakkan rawan artikul dalam kalangan warga tua. Suntikan intra-artikul monoiodoasetat merupakan salah satu kaedah yang paling biasa digunakan untuk mengaruh osteoartritis pada haiwan. Walaupun kesan monoiodoasetat ke atas rawan telah diperincikan, kesannya terhadap penukargantian tulang subkondral kurang dikaji. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan perubahan kekuatan genggaman, struktur rawan artikul dan penukargantian tulang subkondral dalam osteoartritis aruhan monoiodoasetat pada tikus. Tikus Wistar berumur tiga bulan telah dibahagi kepada kumpulan kawalan normal (n=6) dan osteoartritis (n=6) yang menerima suntikan intra-artikul larutan monoiodoasetat pada 4 mg/50 µL sekali pada sendi kiri kaki belakang. Tikus tersebut telah diperhatikan selama empat minggu. Ujian kekuatan genggaman telah dilakukan sebelum suntikan dan setiap minggu selepas suntikan. Selepas empat minggu, femur dengan rawan yang tidak diaruh telah diambil untuk analisis histomorfometri. Kekuatan genggaman telah menurun secara signifikan pada tikus yang mempunyai osteoartritis berbanding dengan tikus normal (p<0.05). Pengambilan makanan telah berkurang secara signifikan satu minggu selepas aruhan monoiodoasetat (p<0.05), tetapi ia menjadi stabil selepas itu. Suntikan monoiodoasetat telah meningkatkan hakisan rawan dan bilangan osteoklas dalam tulang subkondral pada tikus yang mempunyai osteoartritis berbanding dengan tikus normal (p<0.05). Walau bagaimanapun, ia tidak mengganggu berat badan, aktiviti osteoblas, mineralisasi dan mikrostruktur pada tulang subkondral tikus osteoartritis (p>0.05). Secara kesimpulannya, osteoartritis aruhan monoiodoasetat memberi kesan terhadap rawan dan meningkatkan pembentukan osteoklas dalam tulang subkondral tikus.

Kata kunci: Femur; monoiodoasetat; osteoartritis; tulang subkondral

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: chinkokyong@ppukm.ukm.edu.my