 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-01
Discarded
Species in Artisanal Fisheries South Sumatra, Indonesia: Case Study on Crab
Gill Nets
(Spesies Buangan dalam Perikanan Manual Sumatera
Selatan, Indonesia: Kajian Kes Jaring Insang Ketam)
FAUZIYAH*,
WIKE AYU EKA PUTRI, DESI ARIANTI, FITRI AGUSTRIANI, ROZIRWAN, ELLIS NURJULIASTI
NINGSIH & ANNA IDA SUNARYO PURWIYANTO
Department of
Marine Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Diserahkan: 8 Julai 2021/Diterima: 28 April 2022
Abstract
This study identified the discard species generated by
the crab gillnet for targeting the blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758) in the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The fishing gear yielded the discarded
catch about 12% (25.68 kg) of the total catch in weight (212.68 kg). For the
discarded catch, 703 individuals represented 18 species from 3 phyla
(Arthropoda, Chordata, and Mollusca). The crustaceans Charybdis helleri (Milne-Edwards
1867), Clibanarius spp., Matuta planipes(Fabricius 1798), and Libinia dubia(Milne Edwards 1834) were the majority
components of these discards accounted for 90% of the total discards. Results
of ecological classification rare, i.e., Chiloscyllium indicum(Gmelin 1789),
and occasional, i.e., Chiloscyllium punctatum(Müller & Henle 1838), and Maculabatis macrura(Bleeker
1852) included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red
list as Vulnerable (C. indicum), Near
Threatened (C. punctatum), and Endangered (M. macrura) category. Based on the IUCN status, two
species of crustaceans i.e., Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille 1802) and Tachypleus gigas (Müller 1785) listed as ‘Data Deficient’. Discarded on crab gillnet fishing in Banyuasin waters is a challenge for
species that need to be conserved (shark, ray, and horseshoe crabs). Species
with IUCN red list status ranging from Data Deficient to Endangered were found
dead, except for horseshoe crabs. Mitigation options offered include captive
breeding of horseshoe crabs, the release of protected species when caught, and
fishing gear modification. These findings can help design suitable mitigations
for discarding crab gill nets.
Keywords: Conservation; crab gillnet; discard; ecological classification; IUCN status
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini mengenal pasti spesies buangan yang
dijana oleh pukat ketam untuk menyasarkan ketam renang biru Portunus
pelagicus (Linnaeus 1758) di muara Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan,
Indonesia. Peralatan tangkapan ikan ini menghasilkan tangkapan buang sekitar
12% (25.68 kg) daripada jumlah berat tangkapan (212.68 kg). Daripada tangkapan
yang dibuang, terdapat 703 individu mewakili 18 spesies daripada 3 filum (Arthropoda,
Chordata, dan Mollusca). Krustasea Charybdis helleri (Milne-Edwards
1867), Clibanarius spp., Matuta planipes (Fabricius 1798) dan Libinia
dubia (Milne Edwards 1834) merupakan komponen majoriti dalam tangkapan
buang yang menyumbang kepada 90% daripada jumlah buangan. Keputusan pengelasan
ekologi langka menunjukkan Chiloscyllium indicum (Gmelin 1789) dan sekali-sekala, iaitu Chiloscyllium
punctatum (Müller & Henle 1838) dan Maculabatis
macrura (Bleeker 1852) termasuk dalam senarai merah International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) sebagai
kategori rentan (C. indicum),
hampir terancam (C. punctatum) dan Terancam (M. macrura).
Berdasarkan status IUCN, dua spesies krustasea iaitu Carcinoscorpius
rotundicauda (Latreille 1802) dan Tachypleus gigas (Müller 1785)
telah disenaraikan sebagai ‘Kekurangan Data’. Tangkapan buang pada pukat ketam
di perairan Banyuasin merupakan cabaran bagi spesies yang perlu dipelihara
(jerung, pari dan belangkas). Spesies dalam status senarai merah IUCN daripada
Kekurangan Data hingga Terancam ditemui mati, kecuali belangkas. Pilihan
mitigasi yang ditawarkan termasuk pembiakan kurungan belangkas, pembebasan
spesies yang dilindungi apabila ditangkap dan pengubahsuaian peralatan
menangkap ikan. Penemuan ini dapat membantu mereka bentuk kaedah mitigasi yang
sesuai untuk pukat ketam terbuang.
Kata kunci: Buang; pemuliharaan; pengelasan ekologi; pukat ketam; status IUCN
RUJUKAN Alverson, D.L., Freeberg, M.H., Murawski, S.A.
& Pope, J.G. 1994. A global assessment of fisheries bycatch and discards. Fisheries Technical Paper. Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO).
Anderson,
O.F. 2004. Fish discards and non-target fish catch in the trawl fisheries for
arrow squid, jack mackerel, and scampi in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Report
2004/10.61 P. Ministry of Fisheries.
Batsleer, J., Hamon, K.G.,
van Overzee, H.M.J., Rijnsdorp,
A.D. & Poos, J.J. 2015. High-grading and over-quota discarding in mixed
fisheries. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 25(4): 715-736.
Bellido, J.M., Santos,
M.B., Pennino, M.G., Valeiras,
X. & Pierce, G.J. 2011. Fishery discards and bycatch: Solutions for an
ecosystem approach to fisheries management? Hydrobiologia 670(1): 317-333.
Borges,
L., Zuur, A.F., Rogan, E. & Officer, R. 2006.
Modelling discard ogives from irish demersal
fisheries. ICES Journal of Marine Science 63(6): 1086-1095.
Borges,
T.C., Erzini, K., Bentes,
L., Costa, M.E., Goncalves, J.M.S., Lino, P.G., Pais,
C. & Ribeiro, J. 2001. By-catch and discarding practices in five algarve (Southern Portugal) métiers. Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 17(3): 104-114.
Brownell,
R.L., Reeves, R.R., Read, A.J., Smith, B.D., Thomas, P.O., Ralls, K., Amano,
M., Berggren, P., Chit, A.M., Collins, T., Currey, R., Louella, M., Dolar, L., Genov, T., Hobbs,
R.C., Kreb, D., Marsh, H., Zhigang,
M., Perrin, W.F., Phay, S., Rojas-Bracho,
L., Ryan, G.E., Shelden, K.E.W., Slooten, E., Taylor,
B.L., Vidal, O., Ding, W., Whitty, T.S. & Wang, J.Y. 2019. Bycatch in
gillnet fisheries threatens critically endangered small cetaceans and other
aquatic megafauna. Endangered Species Research 40: 285-296.
Carbonell, A. &
Martínez, S.M. 2012. Differences between demersal fisheries discards: High and
low productivity zones of the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Bolleti de La Societat d’Historia Natural de Les Balears 55: 25-45.
Carmona-Osalde, C. & Rodríguez-serna,
M. 2012. Reproductive aspects of the spider crab Libinia dubia under laboratory conditions. Hidrobiológica 22(1): 58-61.
Catanese, G., Hinz, H., Gil, M., Del, M., Palmer, M., Breen, M., Mira,
A., Pastor, E., Grau, A., Campos-Candela, A., Koleva,
E., Grau, A.M. & Morales-Nin, B. 2018. Comparing the catch composition,
profitability and discard survival from different trammel net designs targeting
common spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) in a
Mediterranean fishery. PeerJ 6: e4707.
Catchpole,
T.L., Feekings, J.P., Madsen, N., Palialexis,
A., Vassilopoulou, V., Valeiras,
J., Garcia, T., Nikolic, N. & Rochet, M.J. 2014. Using inferred drivers of
discarding behaviour to evaluate discard mitigation
measures. ICES Journal of Marine Science 71(5): 1277-1285.
Cetinić, P., Škeljo, F. & Ferri, J. 2011.
Discards of the commercial boat seine fisheries on Posidonia oceanica beds in the Eastern
Adriatic Sea. Scientia Marina 75(2): 289-300.
Chanchiem, T., Boutson, A., Kaewnern, M., Ebata,
K. & Arimoto, T. 2015. Study on bycatch and
discards of bottom crab gillnet targeting blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus)
in Rayong Province, Thailand. In SEAFDEC Technical Seminar 2015.
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. pp. 9-11.
Depestele, J., Vandemaele, S., Vanhee, W., Polet, H., Torreele, E., Leirs, H. & Vincx, M. 2011.
Quantifying causes of discard variability: An indispensable assistance to
discard estimation and a paramount need for policy measures. ICES Journal of
Marine Science 68(8): 1719-1725.
Diadhiou, H., Sadio, O., Diallo, S. & Agboba,
C. 2018. Contribution to a better knowledge of bycatch of fixed gillnets of
shrimps (Farfantepenaeus notialis) in the Casamance Estuary in Southern Senegal. Journal of Agricultural Policy and Research 6(11): 189-200.
Díaz-uribe, J.G., Arreguín-Sánchez, F.
& Cisneros-mata, M.A. 2007. Multispecies
perspective for small-scale fisheries management: A trophic analysis of La Paz
Bay in the gulf of California, Mexico. Ecological Modelling 201(2):
205-222.
Espinoza,
M., Díaz, E., Angulo, A., Hernández, S. & Clarke, T.M. 2018. Chondrichthyan
diversity, conservation status, and management challenges in Costa. Frontiers
in Marine Science 5(85): 1-15.
Fauziyah, Agustriani, F., Purwiyanto,
A.I.S., Putri, W.A.E. & Suteja, Y. 2019a.
Influence of environmental parameters on the shrimp catch in Banyuasin Coastal Water, South Sumatra, Indonesia. In Journal
of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing. p. 012103.
Fauziyah, Nurhayati, Bernas, S.M., Putera, A., Suteja, Y. & Agustiani, F. 2019b. Biodiversity of fish resources in Sungsang Estuaries of South Sumatra. In IOP
Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 278. IOP Publishing. p.
012025.
Fauziyah, Agustriani, F., Putri, W.A.E., Purwiyanto,
A.I.S. & Suteja, Y. 2018a. Composition and
biodiversity of shrimp catch with trammel net in Banyuasin Coastal Waters of South Sumatera, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium,
Conservation & Legislation - International Journal of the Bioflux Society 11(5): 1515-1524.
Fauziyah, Agustriani, F., Satria, B.,
Putra, A. & Nailis, W. 2018b. Assessment of multigear type at small-scale fisheries in Sungsang Estuary Banyuasin District South Sumatra. Marine Fisheries 9(2): 183-197.
Fazrul, H., Hajisamae, S., Ikhwanuddin, M.
& Pradit, S. 2015. Assessing impact of crab gill
net fishery to bycatch population in the lower gulf of Thailand. Turkish
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15: 761-771.
Ferry,
R., Buske, Y., Poupin, J.
& Smith-Ravin, J. 2017. First record of the invasive swimming crab Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea,
Portunidae) off Martinique, French Lesser Antilles. BioInvasions Records 6(3): 239-247.
Gonçalves,
J.M.S., Stergiou, K.I., Hernando, J.A., Puente, E., Moutopoulos,
D.K., Arregi, L., Soriguer,
M.C., Vilas, C., Coelho, R. & Erzini, K. 2007.
Discards from experimental trammel nets in Southern European small-scale
fisheries. Fisheries Research 88(1-3): 5-14.
González-Acosta,
A., De la Cruz-Agüero, G., De la Cruz-Agüero, J. & Ruiz-Campos, G. 2005. Seasonal pattern of
the fish assemblage of El Conchalito Mangrove Swamp,
La Paz Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Hidrobiológica 15(2): 205-214.
Hadi, S., Hanson, A.J., Mahlan, M., Purba, M. & Rahardjo, S. 2018. Tidal patterns and resource use in
the Musi-Banyuasin coastal zone of Sumatra. Marine
Research in Indonesia 19: 109-135.
Hall,
M.A. 1996. On bycatches. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6(3):
319-352.
Hall,
S.J. & Mainprize, B.M. 2005. Managing by-catch and discards: How much
progress are we making and how can we do better? Fish and Fisheries 6(2): 134-155.
Hall,
M.A., Alverson, D.L. & Metuzals,
K.I. 2000. By-catch: Problems and solutions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 41: 204-219.
Hamid,
A., Kamri, S., Irawati, N.
& Wardiatno, Y. 2020. Community structure of
crustacean bycatch of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) fisheries in Kendari Bay, Southeast
Sulawesi, Indonesia. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation -
International Journal of the Bioflux Society 13(2):
694-704.
Harris,
B.S., Smith, B.J. & Hayer, C.A. 2018. Development
and implementation of an adaptive management approach for monitoring
non-indigenous fishes in Lower Green Bay, Lake Michigan. Journal of Great
Lakes Research 44(5): 960-969.
Hickford, M.J.H., Schiel, D.R. & Jones, J.B. 1997. Catch characteristics
of commercial gill-nets in a nearshore fishery in central New Zealand. New
Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31(2): 249-259.
IUCN
Standards and Petitions Committee. 2019. Guidelines
for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Standards
and Petitions Committee, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Jensen,
A.L., Reider, R.H. & Kovalak,
W.P. 1988. Estimation of production forgone. North American Journal of
Fisheries Management 8(2): 191-198.
Kelkar,
N. & Dey, S. 2020. Mesh mash: Legal fishing nets cause most bycatch
mortality of endangered South Asian river dolphins. Biological Conservation 252: 108844.
Kumar,
A., Jakhar, J.K., Sundramoorthy,
B. & Mahari, S. 2019. Bycatch analysis of bottom
set fish gillnet along Thoothukudi Coast, India. Environment
& Ecology 32(3A): 1146-1151.
Morandeau, G., Macher, C., Sanchez, F., Bru, N., Fauconnet, L. & Caill-Milly,
N. 2014. Why do fishermen discard? distribution and quantification of the
causes of discards in the Southern Bay of biscay passive gear fisheries. Marine Policy 48: 30-38.
Nuraini, S., Prihatiningsih & Hartati,
S.T. 2009. Parameter populasi dan selektivitas rajungan yang tertangkap dengan beberapa alat tangkap di teluk Jakarta. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 15(4): 287-295.
Pechham, S.H., Maldonado
Diaz, D., Walli, A., Ruiz, G., Crowder, L.B. &
Nichols, W.J. 2007. Small-scale fisheries bycatch jeopardizez endangered Pacific loggerhead turtles. PLoS ONE 2(10): e1041.
Prianto, E. & Aprianti, S. 2012. Komposisi jenis dan biomasa stok ikan di Sungai Banyuasin. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 18(1): 1-8.
Rilov, G. & Benayahu, Y. 2000. Fish assemblage on natural versus
vertical artificial reefs: The rehabilitation perspective. Marine Biology 136(5): 931-942.
Rochet,
M.J., Péronnet, I. & Trenkel,
V.M. 2002. An analysis of discards from the French trawler fleet in the Celtic
Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 59(3): 538-552.
Sánchez,
P., Demestre, M. & Martin, P. 2004. Characterisation of the discards generated by bottom
trawling in the Northwestern Mediterranean. Fisheries Research 67(1):
71-80.
Sari,
N.P., Gulo, N., Najah, M. & Fauziyah.
2020. Influence of environmental variability on the body condition of the
mangrove horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda from Banyuasin Estuarine, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Ecologica Montenegrina 30: 37-46.
Silver,
B.P., Hudson, J.M., Lohr, S.C. & Whitesel, T.A. 2017. Short-term response of a coastal
wetland fish assemblage to tidal regime restoration in Oregon. Journal of
Fish and Wildlife Management 8(1): 193-208.
Supadminingsih, F.N., Wahju, R.I. & Riyanto,
M. 2019. Composition of blue swimming crab Portunus pelagicus and horseshoe crab Limulidae on the gillnet fishery in Mayangan Waters, Subang,
West Java. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation -
International Journal of the Bioflux Society 12(1):
14-24.
Tambunan, S.B.S., Fauziyah & Agustriani, F.
2010. Selektivitas drift gillnet pada ikan kembung lelaki di Perairan Belawan Pantai
Timur Sumatera Utara Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Maspari Journal 1: 63-68.
Urra, J., García, T.,
Gallardo-Roldán, H., León, E., Lozano, M., Baro, J. & Rueda, J.L. 2017. Discard analysis and
damage assessment in the wedge clam mechanized dredging fisheries of the
Northern Alboran Sea (W Mediterranean Sea). Fisheries
Research 187: 58-67.
Uzer, U., Yildiz, T. & Karakulak, F.S.
2017. Catch composition and discard of the boat seine in the İstanbul
Strait (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Zoology 41(4): 702-713.
Wahyudin, Y., Damar, A., Yonvitner, Rustandi, Y., Afandy, A., Rakasiwi, G. & Rikardi, N.
2019. Coastal and river basin environmental sensitivity area mapping
(CARBESAM). Journal on Marine and Fisheries Social Ecological System 1:
49-67.
Wang,
J.H., Fisler, S. & Swimmer, Y. 2010. Developing
visual deterrents to reduce sea turtle bycatch in gill net fisheries. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 408: 241-250.
Wilson,
S.M., Raby, G.D., Burnett, N.J., Hinch, S.G. &
Cooke, S.J. 2014. Looking beyond the mortality of bycatch: Sublethal effects of
incidental capture on marine animals. Biological Conservation 171:
61-72.
Žydelis, R., Small, C.
& French, G. 2013. The incidental catch of seabirds in gillnet fisheries: A
global review. Biological Conservation 162: 76-88.
*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
fauziyahfauziyah07@gmail.com
|
|||
