Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 2803-2816

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-06

Comparative Arsenic Tolerance and Accumulation Potential between Wild Tagetes patula and Tagetes minuta

(Toleransi dan Potensi Pengumpulan Arsenik Perbandingan antara Tagetes patula dan Tagetes minuta Liar)

IRUM SHAHZADI^1,*, MOHAMMAD MAROOF SHAH¹, IRRUM SALEEM AKHTAR¹, TARIQ ISMAIL², RAZA AHMAD¹, ISMAT NAWAZ³, MARIA SIDDIQUE⁴, SOFIA BAIG⁵, AYESHA BAIG¹ & UMMARA WAHEED⁶

¹Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan

²Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan

³Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan

⁴Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan

⁵Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

⁶Institute of Plant Breeding & Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

Diserahkan: 21 Ogos 2021/Diterima: 2 April 2022

Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a bioactive metalloid that is highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants. Environmental contamination of As especially in groundwater increases due to natural and anthropogenic activities. The present study was performed to evaluate the potential of wild Tagetes species for the phytoremediation of As contaminated soil/water. This comparative research aims to analyze As accumulation and tolerance in two wild species of Tagetes, T. minuta and T. patula. The 20 days old seedlings were grown hydroponically and exposed to the different concentrations of As, 0, 50, 150, and 300 µM As₂O₃ for 1-, 4- and 7- days intervals. Effect of As stress was measured on the rate of seed germination, growth parameters like fresh and dry biomass weight, root/shoot length, chlorophyll contents and As contents in root and shoot in both Tagetes species. Increasing concentration of As restricts the growth activity of T. minuta with toxicity symptoms on leaves such as chlorosis. Accumulation of As in the shoot was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) high (634 µg g^-1 DW) in T. patula as compared to T. minuta (397 µg g^-1 DW) at 300 µM As₂O₃. Both Tagetes species exhibited high variation for As tolerance parameters as well as for As accumulation patterns. Comparatively good tolerance and accumulation of As in T. patula suggests that this species could be used in phytoextraction and re-vegetation in As contaminated sites.

Keywords: Arsenic; phytoremediation; Tagetes minuta; Tagetes patula

Abstrak

Arsenik (As) ialah metaloid bioaktif yang sangat toksik kepada manusia, haiwan dan tumbuhan. Pencemaran persekitaran disebabkan As terutamanya pada air dalam tanah meningkat disebabkan oleh aktiviti semula jadi dan antropogen. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk menilai potensi spesies Tagetes liar sebagai fitoremediasi tanah/air yang tercemar As. Kajian perbandingan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengumpulan dan kerintangan As dalam dua spesies Tagetes liar, T. minuta dan T. patula. Anak pokok berusia 20 hari telah ditanam secara hidroponik dan didedahkan kepada kepekatan As berbeza iaitu 0, 50, 150 dan 300 µM As₂O₃ untuk selang 1-, 4- dan 7 hari. Kesan tekanan As diukur dengan melihat kepada kadar percambahan biji benih, parameter pertumbuhan seperti berat biojisim segar dan kering, panjang akar/pucuk, kandungan klorofil dan kandungan As dalam akar dan pucuk pada kedua-dua spesies Tagetes. Peningkatan kepekatan As menyekat aktiviti pertumbuhan T. minuta dengan gejala ketoksikan seperti klorosis pada daun. Pengumpulan As dalam pucuk T. patula adalah tinggi (634 µg g^-1 DW) dan berbeza secara bererti (p≤0.01) berbanding T. minuta (397 µg g^-1 DW) pada 300 µM As₂O₃. Terdapat variasi yang tinggi bagi parameter berkait kerintangan As begitu juga dengan corak pengumpulan As pada kedua-dua spesies Tagetes. Kerintangan dan pengumpulan As dalam T. patula yang agak baik menunjukkan bahawa spesies ini boleh digunakan dalam fitoekstraksi dan boleh ditanam di lokasi tercemar As.

Kata kunci: Arsenik; fitoremediasi; Tagetes minuta; Tagetes patula

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: irumayaz@cuiatd.edu.pk