Sains Malaysiana 51(9)(2022): 2873-2883

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-11

Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Leaves Ethanol Extract Increases Endogenous Antioxidant Activities in Hyperlipidemic Rats

(Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ubi Keledek (Ipomoea batatas L.) Meningkatkan Aktiviti Antioksidan Endogen pada Tikus Hiperlipidemik)

NURKHASANAH MAHFUDH^1,*, NANIK SULISTYANI¹, ASIILAH FATIHATUL KHOIROT¹, TSANAWIYAH INDAH SAFIRA¹, FEZAH OTHMAN² & ZAINUL AMIRUDDIN ZAKARIA³

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 26 November 2021/Diterima: 19 Mac 2022

Abstract

Consumption of high-fat foods can induce the formation of free radicals and trigger oxidative stress. The leave of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) has been reported to be a potent antioxidant in vitro. This study investigates the effect of ethanol extract of purple sweet potato leaves on the endogenous antioxidant activity in hyperlipidemic rats. The sweet potato leaves were oven-dried and extracted using 70% ethanol in a ratio of 1:7 w/v for 24 h, followed by vacuum evaporation. The five groups of test animals were created: normal control-which was given a standard diet, negative control (high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 days), and three treated groups which treated with HFD for 14 days and start for the same time treated with sweet potato leaves extract (SPLE) at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW for 28 days. The antioxidant activity was measured from liver homogenate on the 29th day. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were quantified using spectrophotometry. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis found rutin as a major chemical content of the SPLE. HFD significantly (p<0.05) decreased the activity of endogenous antioxidants (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) and increased the MDA level significantly (p<0.05) compared with the normal group. On the contrary, the treatment with the SPLE significantly (p<0.05) increased the activity of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px and lowered MDA levels significantly (p<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner compared to the negative control. SPLE increase the activities of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants in hyperlipidemic rats. 

Keywords: Catalase (CAT); glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); malondialdehyde (MDA); superoxide dismutase (SOD); sweet potato leaves

Abstrak

Pengambilan makanan yang tinggi lemak boleh mendorong kepada pembentukan radikal bebas dan mencetuskan tekanan oksidatif. Daun ubi keledek (Ipomoea batatas L.) telah dilaporkan sebagai antioksidan yang kuat secara in vitro. Penyelidikan ini mengkaji tentang kesan ekstrak etanol daun ubi keledek ke atas aktiviti antioksidan endogen dalam tikus hiperlipidemik. Daun ubi keledek telah dikeringkan dengan ketuhar gelombang dan diekstrak menggunakan etanol 70% dalam nisbah 1:7 w/v selama 24 jam, diikuti dengan penyejatan vakum. Lima kumpulan haiwan ujian telah disediakan: kawalan normal iaitu yang diberi diet piawai, kawalan negatif (diet tinggi lemak (HFD) selama 14 hari) dan tiga kumpulan terawat yang dirawat dengan HFD selama 14 hari dan dirawat dengan ekstrak daun ubi keledek (SPLE) pada dos 100, 200 dan 400 mg/kg BW selama 28 hari. Aktiviti antioksidan diukur daripada homogenat hati pada hari ke-29. Aktiviti superoksida dismutes (SOD), katales (CAT), glutation peroksides (GSH-Px), dan tahap malondialdehid (MDA) dihitung menggunakan spektrofotometri. Analisis kromatografi cecair (HPLC) berprestasi tinggi mendapati terdapat kandungan kimia utama iaitu SPLE. HFD secara signifikan (p<0.05) menurunkan aktiviti antioksidan endogen (SOD, CAT & GSH-Px) dan meningkatkan tahap MDA dengan ketara (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan normal. Sebaliknya, rawatan dengan SPLE (p<0.05) meningkatkan aktiviti SOD, CAT dan GSH-Px serta menurunkan tahap MDA dengan ketara (p<0.05) bergantung kepada dos berbanding kawalan negatif. SPLE meningkatkan aktiviti antioksidan enzimatik endogen dalam tikus hiperlipidemik.

Kata kunci: Daun keladi; glutation peroksides (GSH-Px); katales (CAT); malondialdehid (MDA); superoksida dismutes (SOD)

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurkhasanah@pharm.uad.ac.id