Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023):
211-222
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-17
A
Comparative Study of Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Activities of Green and
Red Christia vespertilionisLeaves
(Kajian Perbandingan Sifat dan Aktiviti Anti-Keradangan Daun Christia vespertilionis Hijau dan Merah)
IZZAH FARHAH ZAMBARI1,
NUR AIRINA MUHAMAD1,* & SITTI RAHMA ABDUL HAFID2
1Institute
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya,
50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
2Nutrition Unit, Product
Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 27 Mei 2021/Diterima: 5 Oktober 2022
Abstract
Christia vespertilionis is a plant traditionally used
to treat various diseases, including inflammation. This study aims to compare
and analyze the anti-inflammatory properties and activities of green and red C. vespertilionis leaves and to determine the
correlation between the protease inhibition assay and phenolic content.
Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids,
tannins, saponins, cardenolides, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and
steroids in green and red leaves. Green leaf had the highest
anti-inflammation potential, with a high extraction yield (6.39 ± 0.01%),
phenolic content (29.25 ± 0.50 mg) gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/mL), flavonoid
content (1.57 ± 0.03 mg quercetin acid equivalent [QE]/mL) and tannin content
(22.70 ± 3.15 mg tannic acid equivalent [TAE]/mL). Green leaf contained more
anti-inflammatory compounds, including n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z)- and squalene. The
protease inhibition assay showed that green leaf had anti-inflammatory activity
at 66.55 ± 2.59% with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)
of 284.59 ± 10.63 µg/mL. The green leaf showed a
significant positive correlation between the protease inhibition assay and
phenolic content, with R2 = 0.6821. We conclude that both green and
red C. vespertilionis types have the potential to act as anti-inflammatory agents, but green leaves
are preferable.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Christia vespertilonis; green; phytochemical compounds;
red
Abstrak
Christia vespertilionis ialah salah satu tanaman yang digunakan secara tradisi untuk merawat pelbagai penyakit termasuk keradangan. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan dan menganalisis sifat dan aktiviti anti-keradangan ekstrak daun C. vespertilionis hijau dan merah serta untuk mengkaji hubungan antara ujian perencatan protease dan kandungan fenol. Analisis fitokimia awal menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, tanin, saponin, kardenolid, fenol, kardiak glikosida, flavonoid dan
steroid pada daun hijau dan merah. Daun hijau dikenal pasti sebagai yang paling berkesan untuk potensi anti-keradangan dan menunjukkan hasil pengekstrakan tinggi (6.39 ± 0.01%), kandungan fenol (29.25 ± 0.50 mg asid galik setara [GAE]/mL), kandungan flavonoid (1.57 ± 0.03 mg asid kuersetin setara [QE]/mL)
dan kandungan tanin (22.70
± 3.15 mg asid tanik setara [TAE]/mL). Daun hijau mengandungi lebih banyak sebatian anti-keradangan, iaitu asid n-heksadekanoik, fitol, 9, 12, asid 15-oktadekatrienoik, (Z, Z, Z)- dan squalene. Daun hijau juga menunjukkan aktiviti anti-keradangan yang tinggi seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh ujian perencatan protease iaitu 66.55 ±
2.59% dengan nilai kepekatan perencatan separuh maksimum (IC50) iaitu 284.59 ± 10.63 µg/mL. Hubungan positif yang signifikan antara ujian perencatan protease dan kandungan fenol pada daun hijau menunjukkan R2 = 0.6821. Kesimpulannya kedua-dua jenis daun, C. vespertilionis hijau dan merah berpotensi bertindak sebagai agen anti-keradangan, tetapi daun hijau menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik.
Kata kunci: Anti-keradangan; Christia vespertilonis; hijau; merah; sebatian fitokimia
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurairina@um.edu.my
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