Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 333-342

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-02

Ramalan Kesesuaian Habitat Rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) di Kompleks Hutan Utama Taman Negara dan Sekitarnya

(Prediction of Habitat Suitability of Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) in the Main Forest Complex of the National Park and Their Surroundings)

NUR FATIN KHODRI¹, TUKIMAT LIHAN^1,*, MUZNEENA AHMAD MUSTAPHA¹, TAHERAH MOHD TAHER¹, NURUL ATIKAH TAJUL ARIFFIN¹, NUR IZZATI ABDULLAH², NURUL DARSANI AMAT DARBIS³, SITI HAJAR ATIQAH RAZALI⁴ & SHUKOR MD NOR²

¹Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Jabatan Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³TNB Research Sdn. Bhd. No. 1, Lorong Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Institut Penyelidikan, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, Malaysia

⁴Jabatan Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Negeri Melaka, Aras 18, Menara Persekutuan, Jalan Persekutuan, Hang Tuah Jaya, 75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 8 April 2022/Diterima: 8 November 2022

Abstrak

Populasi rusa sambar (Rusa unicolor) mengalami penurunan dan dikategorikan sebagai rentan oleh Kesatuan Antarabangsa untuk Pemuliharaan Alam dan Sumber Asli pada tahun 2014. Objektif kajian ini untuk mengenal pasti faktor sekitaran yang mempengaruhi kesesuaian habitat rusa sambar, yang terdiri daripada kecerunan, ketinggian, guna tanah, jarak daripada bandar, jarak daripada sungai dan litologi dianalisis menggunakan sistem maklumat geografi (GIS). Data kehadiran rusa sambar dari tahun 1992-2008 diintegrasikan dengan faktor sekitaran menggunakan model entropi maksimum untuk mengenal pasti habitat yang sesuai bagi rusa sambar di kompleks hutan utama Taman Negara. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan jarak dari sungai menyumbang peratusan paling tinggi dalam model kesesuaian habitat iaitu 47.7%. Manakala jarak dari bandar, jenis guna tanah, ketinggian, kecerunan dan litologi menyumbang sebanyak 21.8%, 16.1%, 7.2%, 6.7% dan 0.4%. Habitat yang sesuai bagi rusa sambar meliputi 37% daripada keseluruhan kawasan kajian (2,218,389 hektar). Kajian penentuan potensi habitat rusa sambar yang sesuai di kompleks hutan utama Taman Negara penting untuk pengurusan hidupan liar seperti aktiviti pelepasan semula.

Kata kunci: Entropi maksimum; kesesuaian habitat; rusa sambar; sistem maklumat geografi

Abstract

The sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) population has declined and was categorized as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List in 2014. The objective of this study was to identify environmental factors that influence the habitat suitability of sambar deer, consisting of slope, elevation, land use, distance from urban, distance from river, and lithology analyzed using geographic information system (GIS). Sambar deer presence data from 1992-2008 were integrated with environmental factors using a maximum entropy model to identify suitable habitats for sambar deer in the main forest complex of Taman Negara. The results of this study showed that the distance from the river contributed the most to the habitat suitability model of sambar deer, at 47.7%. While distance from urban, land use type, elevation, slope and lithology accounted for 21.8%, 16.1%, 7.2%, 6.7%, and 0.4%, respectively. Suitable habitats for sambar deer cover 37% of the total study area (2,218,389 hectares). The determination of the potential suitable sambar deer habitat in the main forest complex of Taman Negara is important for wildlife management such as re-release activities.

Keywords: Geographical information system; habitat suitability; maximum entrophy; sambar deer

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^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: matt@ukm.edu.my