Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 355-368

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-04

Spatial-Temporal Abundance and Diversity of Larval Fish in Different Water Bodies (Estuary and Adjacent Coastal Waters) from Sungai Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

(Kelimpahan Ruang-Masa dan Kepelbagaian Larva Ikan dalam Badan Air Berbeza (Muara dan Perairan Pantai Bersebelahan) dari Sungai Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia)

JING KAI OOI¹, HUNG-YEN HSIEH², LI LIAN WONG³ & YING GIAT SEAH^1,4,*

¹Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan (R.O.C), Taiwan, Province of China

³Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

⁴South China Sea Repository and Reference Centre, Institute Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 7 Mac 2022/Diterima: 11 November 2022

Abstract

During larval form, various factors will affect the distributions of fish which lead to spatio-temporal variation of their assemblage. Studies on the variation provide knowledge in understanding the fish ecology. Present study aims to survey the fish larval occurrence in the estuary of Sungai Terengganu and its adjacent waters. A total of 402 larvae samples were collected using a 100 μm mesh sized Bongo net. About 334 samples were identified belonging to 23 families while the rest (equivalent to 16.92% of total catch) were unidentifiable. Three most abundant recorded families are Gobiidae (19.65% of total catch, 2.22 indv. 100 m^-3), Ambassidae (12.94% of total catch, 1.47 indv. 100 m^-3) and Apogonidae (9.45% of total catch, 1.02 indv. 100 m^-3). Based on cluster analysis, fish larvae were divided into two groups whereby one from estuary of Sungai Kuala Terengganu and another one from its adjacent coastal water with little overlapping between them. Estuary observed higher larval density than adjacent coastal waters while larval taxa diversity recorded to be higher in the adjacent coastal waters compared to the estuary. Throughout sampling months, two larval mean density peaks were observed during June 2019 (76.19 indv. 100 m^-3) and January 2020 (105.38 indv. 100 m^-3).

Keywords: Family composition; ichthyoplankton; spatial-temporal; South China Sea

Abstrak

Semasa dalam bentuk larva, pelbagai faktor akan mempengaruhi pengagihan ikan yang membawa kepada variasi himpunan ikan terhadap ruang-masa. Kajian ke atas variasi boleh menyediakan pengetahuan dalam memahami ekologi ikan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kejadian larva ikan di muara Sungai Terengganu dan perairan bersebelahannya. Sejumlah 402 sampel larva telah dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Bongo net bersaiz mata pukat 100 μm. Sebanyak 334 sampel telah dikenal pasti kepunyaan kepada 23 famili manakala yang selebihnya (bersamaan dengan 16.92% jumlah tangkapan) tidak dapat dikenal pasti. Tiga rekod famili yang paling banyak ialah Gobiidae (19.65% jumlah tangkapan, 2.22 individu 100 m^-3), Ambassidae (12.94% jumlah tangkapan, 1.47 individu 100 m^-3) dan Apogonidae (9.45% jumlah tangkapan, 1.02 individu 100 m^-3). Berdasarkan analisis kelompok, larva ikan dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan dengan satu di dalam muara dan lagi satu di perairan bersebelahannya. Muara merekodkan kepadatan larva yang lebih tinggi daripada perairan pantai bersebelahan namun kepelbagaian larva yang lebih tinggi telah ditunjukkan di perairan pantai bersebelahannya. Sepanjang tempoh persampelan, dua min puncak kepadatan larva telah diperhatikan iaitu pada Jun 2019 (76.19 individu 100 m^-3) dan Januari 2020 (105.38 individu 100 m^-3).

Kata kunci: Iktioplankton; komposisi famili; Laut China Selatan; ruang-masa

RUJUKAN

Ara, R., Arshad, A., Nurul Amin, S.M., Daud, S.K. & Ghaffar, M.A. 2011. Environment and diversity of ichthyoplankton in the seagrass beds of Sungai Pulai Estuary, Johor, Peninsular Malaya. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 9(3&4): 733-738.

Ara, R., Arshad, A., Nurul Amin, S.M. & Mazlan, A.G. 2013. Temporal and spatial distribution of larval fish assemblage in different ecological habitat in Johor Strait, Peninsular Malaysia. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8(1): 53-62.

Arshad, A., Ara, R., Amin, S.M.N., Daud, S.K. & Ghaffar, M.A. 2012. Larval fish composition and spatiotemporal variation in the estuary of Pendas River, Southwestern Johor, Peninsular Malaysia. Coastal Marine Science 35(1): 96-102.

Auth, T.D. & Brodeur, R.D. 2013. An overview of ichthyoplankton research in the Northern California current region: Contributions to ecosystems assessments and management. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 54: 107-126.

Bergstad, O.A. 2009. Fish: Demersal fish (life histories, behavior, adaptations). In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd ed., edited by Steele, J.H., Thorpe, S.A. & Turekian, K.K. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 458-466.

Bonecker, F.T., Castro, M.S., Cristina, A. & Bonecker, A.C.T. 2009. Larval fish assemblage in a tropical estuary in relation to tidal cycles, day/night and seasonal variations. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 4(2): 239-246.

Bray, J.R. & Curtis, J.T. 1957. An ordination of the upland forest communities of Southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 27: 325-349.

Chu, C., Loh, K.H., Ng, C.C., Ooi, A.L., Konishi, Y., Huang, S.P. & Chong, V.C. 2019. Using DNA barcodes to aid the identification of larval fishes in tropical estuarine waters (Malacca Straits, Malaysia). Zoological Studies 58: e30.

Clarke, K.R. & Warwick, R.M. 2001. Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. 2nd ed. Plymouth: PRIMER-E.

Department of Fisheries Malaysia (DOF). 2021. Annual Fisheries Statistics 2020. https://www.dof.gov.my/en/resources/fisheries-statistics-i/

Díaz-Astudillo, M., Castillo, M.I., Cáceres, M.A., Plaza, G. & Landaeta, M.C. 2017. Oceanographic and lunar forcing affects nearshore larval fish assemblages from temperate rocky reefs. Marine Biology Research 13(10): 1015-1026.

Dufour, V. & Galzin, R. 1993. Colonization patterns of reef fish larvae to the lagoon at Moorea Island, French Polynesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series 102: 143-152.

Elliott, M., Whitfield, A.K., Potter, I.C., Blaber, S.J.M., Cyrus, D.P., Nordlie, F.G. & Harrison, T.D. 2007. The guild approach to categorizing estuarine fish assemblages: A global review. Fish and Fisheries 8(3): 241-268.

Firth, L.B., Knights, A.M., Bridger, D., Evans, A.J., Mieszkowska, N., Moore, P.J., O’Connor, N.E., Sheehan, E.V., Thompson, R.C. & Hawkins, S.J. 2016. Ocean sprawl: Challenges and opportunities for biodiversity management in a changing world. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review 54: 193-269.

Ghaffar, M.A., Low, W.T. & Talib, Z. 2010. A Field Guide for Sampling and Identification of Larval Fish from Coastal Waters of Southeastern Peninsular Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Gogola, T.M., Sanches, P.V., Gubiani, E.A. & DaSilva, P.R.L. 2012. Spatial and temporal variations in fish larvae assemblages of Ilha Grande National Park, Brazil. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 22(1): 95-105.

Gomes, E.A.P., Campos, P.N. & Bonecker, A.C.T. 2014. Occurrence of Gobiidae larvae in a tropical Brazilian estuary, with particular emphasis on the use of size classes to categorize species guilds. Journal of Fish Biology 84(4): 996-1013.

Govoni, J.J. 2005. Fisheries oceanography and the ecology of early life histories of fishes: A perspective over fifty years. Scientia Marina 69: 125-137.

Holliday, D., Beckley, L.E., Millar, N., Olivar, M.P., Slawinski, D., Feng, M. & Thompson, P.A. 2012. Larval fish assemblages and particle back-tracking define latitudinal and cross-shelf variability in an Eastern Indian Ocean boundary current. Marine Ecology Progress Series 460: 127-144.

Joyeux, J.C. 1999. The abundance of fish larvae in estuaries: Within-tide variability at inlet and immigration. Estuaries 22(4): 889-904.

Katsuragawa, M., Zani-Teixeira, M.L., Goçalo, C.G., Ohkawara, M.H. & Itagaki, M.K. 2011. Ichthyoplankton distribution and abundance in the Northern Todos Os Santos and Camamu Bays, Bahia State - Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 59(1): 97-109.

Keane, J.P. & Neira, F.J. 2008. Larval fish assemblages along the South-eastern Australia Shelf: Linking mesoscale non-depth-discriminate structure and water masses. Fisheries Oceanography 17(4): 263-280.

Keith, P. 2003. Biology and ecology of Amphidromous Gobiidae of the Indo-Pacific and the Caribbean Regions. Journal of Fish Biology 63(4): 831-847.

Konishi, Y., Chayakul, R., Chamchang, C. & Duangdee, T. 2012. Early Stages of Marine Fishes in the Southeast Asian Region. Samutprakan, Thailand: Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.

Koslow, J.A. & Wright, M. 2016. Ichthyoplankton sampling design to monitor marine fish populations and communities. Marine Policy 68: 55-64.

Kruskal, J.B. & Wish, M. 1978. Multidimensional scaling. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Application in the Social Sciences. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. pp. 7-11.

Law, A.T. & Jong, K.J. 2006. The hydrography of Terengganu River Estuary, South China Sea. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management 1(1): 32-39.

Lecchini, D., Waqalevu, V.P., Holles, S., Lerohellec, M., Brie, C. & Simpson, D. 2013. Vertical and horizontal distributions of coral-reef fish larvae in open water immediately prior to reef colonization. Journal of Fish Biology 82: 2135-2140.

Leis, J.M. & Trnski, T. 1989. The Larvae of Indo-Pacific Shore Fishes. Kensington: New South Wales University Press.

Leis, J.M. & Rennis, D.S. 1984. The Larvae of Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Fishes. Kensington: New South Wales University Press.

Liew, H.C. 1992. Larval fish occurrence and recruitment in the seas around Malaysia. In Proceedings of Third ORI-LIPI Seminar on Southeast Asia Marine Science: Oceanography for Fisheries Sponsored by JSPS. Tokyo: University of Tokyo. pp. 99-103.

Lima, A.R.A., Barletta, M. & Costa, M.F. 2016. Seasonal-dial shifts of ichthyoplankton assemblages and plastic debris around an equatorial atlantic archipelago. Frontiers in Environmental Science 4(56): 1-18.

Lima, A.R.A., Barletta, M., Coasta, M.F., Ramos, J.A.A., Dantas, D.V., Melo, P.A.M.C., Justino, A.K.S. & Ferreira, G.V.B. 2015. Changes in the composition of ichthyoplankton assemblage and plastic debris in mangrove creeks relative to moon phases. Journal of Fish Biology 89(1): 619-640.

Macura, B., Byström, P., Airoldi, L., Eriksson, B.K., Rudstam, L. & Støttrup, J.G. 2019. Impact of structural habitat modifications in coastal temperate systems on fish recruitment: A systematic review. Environmental Evidence 8: 14.

Matsunuma, M. & Shibukawa, K. 2011. Apogonidae. In Fishes of Terengganu - East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, edited by Matsunuma, M., Motomura, H., Matsuura, K., M. Shazili, N.A. & Ambak, M.A. Japan: National Museum of Nature and Science. pp. 87-93.

Menhinick, E.F. 1964. A comparison of some species-individuals diversity indices applied to sample of field insects. Ecological Society of America 45(4): 859-861.

Milton, D.A. 2010. Living in two worlds: Diadromous fishes, and factors affecting population connectivity between tropical rivers and coasts. In Ecological Connectivity among Tropical Coastal Ecosystems, edited by Nagelkerken, I., Netherlands: Springer. pp. 325-355.

Morson, J.M., Grothues, T. & Able, K.W. 2019. Change in larval fish assemblage in a USA east coast estuary estimated from twenty-six years of fixed weekly sampling. PLoS ONE 14(11): e0225526.

Muhamad, N. & Rahim, S.A.K.A. 2014. Preliminary study on fish larvae at selected coastal waters of Sarawak. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology 4(2): 1-8.

Muzaki, F.K., Giffari, A. & Saptarini, D. 2017. Community structure of fish larvae in mangroves with different root types in Labuhan coastal area, Sepulu-Madura. AIP Conference Proceedings 1854: 020025.

Mwaluma, J.M., Kaunda-Arara, B. & Rasowo, J. 2014. Diel and lunar variations in larval fish supply in Malindi Marine Park, Kenya. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science 13(1): 57-67.

Ooi, A.L. & Chong, V.C. 2011. Larval fish assemblages in tropical mangrove estuary and adjacent coastal waters: Offshore-inshore flux of marine and estuarine species. Continental Shelf Research 31: 1599-1610.

Pielou, E.C. 1966. The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections. Journal of Theoretical Biology 13: 131-144.

Qiu, Y.S. 1999. 台湾的仔稚鱼 [Taiwanese Fish Larvae]. Kaohsiung City, Taiwan: National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium.

Ramos, S., Cowen, R.K., Paris, C., Re, P. & Bordalo, A.A. 2006. Environmental forcing and larval fish assemblage dynamics in the Lima River Estuary (Northwest Portugal). Journal of Plankton Research 28(3): 275-286.

Ramos, J.A.A., Barletta, M., Dantas, D.V., Lima, A.R.A. & Costa, M.F. 2011. Influence of moon phase on fish assemblages in estuarine mangrove tidal creeks. Journal of Fish Biology 78(1): 344-354.

Reynalte-Tataje, D.A., Zaniboni-Filho, E., Bialetzki, A. & Agostinho, A.A. 2012. Temporal variability of fish larvae assembalges: Influence of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Neotropical Ichthyology 10(4): 837-846.

Rezagholinejad, S., Arshad, A., Nurul Amin, S.M. & Ehteshami, F. 2016. The influence of environmental parameters on fish larval distribution and abundance in the mangrove estuarine area of Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 2(2): 67-78.

Rodríguez, J.M., Alemany, F. & García, A. 2017. A Guide to the Eggs and Larvae of 100 Common Western Mediterranean Sea Bony Fish Species. Rome: FAO.

Ruhaizan, S. & Ishak, S. 2017. Fisheries economic activities among the Malay society at the Terengganu coast in the early 20th century. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 7(12): 599-606.

Salim, J.M., Radzi, M.A., Razali, S.M. & Cooke, F.M. 2018. Coastal landscapes of Peninsular Malaysia: The changes and implications for their resilience and ecosystem services. In Landscape Reclamation - Rising from What’s Left, edited by Loures, L. United Kingdom: IntechOpen. pp. 89-106.

Sanvicente-Añorve, L., Sánchez-Ramírez, M., Ocaña-Luna, A., Flores-Coto, C. & Ordóñez-López, U. 2011. Metacommunity structure of estuarine fish larvae: The role of regional and local processes. Journal of Plankton Research 33(1): 179-194.

Shannon, C.E. & Weaver, W. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.

Shazili, N.A.M., Kamaruzzaman, B.Y., Antonina, N.A., Zauyah, S., Bidai, J., Shamsudin, A.A. & Kamil, A.R. 2007. Interpretation of anthropogenic input of metals in the South China Sea bottom sediments off Terengganu (Malaysia) coastline using Al as a reference element. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management 10(1): 47-56.

Shervette, V.R., Aguirre, W.E., Blacio, E., Cevallos, R., Gonzalez, M., Pozo, F. & Gelwick, F. 2007. Fish communities of a disturbed mangrove wetland and an adjacent tidal river in Palmar, Ecuador. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 72: 115-128.

Shibukawa, K. 2011. Ambassidae. In Fishes of Terengganu - East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, edited by Matsunuma, M., Motomura, H., Matsuura, K., M. Shazili, N.A. & Ambak, M.A. Japan: National Museum of Nature and Science. pp. 76-77.

Shibukawa, K. & Ghaffar, M.A. 2011. Gobiidae. In Fishes of Terengganu - East Coast of Malay Peninsula, Malaysia, edited by Matsunuma, M., Motomura, H., Matsuura, K., M. Shazili, N.A. & Ambak, M.A. Japan: National Museum of Nature and Science. pp. 193 - 209.

Smith, J.A., Miskiewicz, A.G., Beckley, L.E.,  Everett, J.D., Garcia, V., Gray, C.A., Holliday, D., Jordan, A.R., Keane, J., Lara-Lopez, A., Leis, J.M., Matis, P.A., Muhling, B.A., Neira, F.J., Richardson, A.J., Smith, K.A., Swadling, K.M., Syahailatua, A., Taylor, M.D., van Ruth, P.D., Ward, T.M. & Suthers, I.M. 2018. A database of marine larval fish assemblages in Australian temperate and subtropical waters. Scientific Data 5: 180207.

Suratman, S., Aziz, A.A., Tahir, N.M. & Lee, H.L. 2018. Distribution and behaviour of nitrogen compounds in the surface water of Sungai Terengganu Estuary, Southern Waters of South China Sea, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana 47(4): 651-659.

Swalethorp, R., Malanski, E., Agersted, M.D., Nielsen, T.G. & Munk, P. 2015. Structuring of zooplankton and fish larvae assemblages in a freshwater-influenced Greenlandic fjord: Influence from hydrography and prey availability. Journal of Plankton Research 37(1): 102-119.

Uiblein, F. 2007. Goatfishes (Mullidae) as indicators in tropical and temperate coastal habitat monitoring and management. Marine Biology Research 3(5): 275-288.

Vargas, C.A., Araneda, S.E. & Valenzuela, G. 2003. Influence of tidal phase and circulation on larval fish distribution in a partially mixed estuary, Corral Bay, Chile. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 83(1): 217-222.

Wong, C.L., Liew, J., Yusop, Z., Ismail, T., Venneker, R. & Uhlenbrook, S. 2016. Rainfall characteristics and regionalization in Peninsular Malaysia based on a high-resolution gridded data set. Water 8: 11.

Zerrato, J.J.G. & Giraldo, A. 2018. Spatial and temporal variation of fish larvae in a hypersaline bay of the Colombian Caribbean. Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras 47(1): 117-141.

^*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ygseah@umt.edu.my