Sains
Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 399-416
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-07
A Review of Rock Slope Stability Assessment Practice
in Malaysia
(Ulasan
Amalan Penilaian Kestabilan Cerun Batuan Di Malaysia)
AFIQ F.A. RAHIM1, ABDUL G.M.
RAFEK2, AILIE S. SERASA3, ABD RASID JAAPAR4, GOH THIAN LAI1,5,6*,
RODEANO ROSLEE6, LEE KHAI ERN7, NGUYEN XUAN
HUY8 & TRAN VAN XUAN8
1Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Engineering Geology Advisory, 11, SS21/12, Damansara Utama,
47400, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3School of Engineering (Petroleum), Asia Pacific
University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Technology Park Malaysia, Bukit
Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
4Geomapping Technology Sdn Bhd, 806A & 807A (1st floor), Kompleks
Diamond, Jalan Seksyen 1/16, Seksyen 1, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
5State
key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering, China
University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
6Natural Disaster Research
Centre (NDRC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
7Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
8Faculty of Geology and Petroleum
Engineering, Ho Chi Minh University of Technology, VNU-HCM, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet
Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Diserahkan: 15
Disember 2021/Diterima: 22 November 2022
Abstract
Rock slope stability assessment in Malaysia
has become increasingly important as new developments encroach hillsides around
major cities. This article reviews historical case studies to present a general
picture of rock slope assessment practice in Malaysia, especially on methods
and output of the case studies. Common methods include use of locally developed
rating systems, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and its derivatives, kinematic analysis,
and numerical analysis. Application of these methods must be suitable with site
conditions, while its advantages and disadvantages must be recognized by the
assessor. Emergence of new technologies greatly improves the speed and quality
of data acquisition provided. A total of 39 case studies on different lithologies
were examined, in which progress
were notable from kinematic analysis-based assessments to incorporation of
rating systems and numerical analysis. This article recommends several
improvements for rock slope assessment practice. These include an establishment
of a local good practice guide in the assessment, incorporation of numerical
analysis into standard practice, improving utilization of new technologies,
more attention to the influence of weathering, and consideration of seismic
influence in seismically active regions. Utilization of numerical
methods and other contemporary methods reflects increasing understanding of
rock mechanics which is vital to rock slope stability assessment among local
practitioners. Improved rock
slope assessment allows for a more accurate stability determination and
decisive mitigation measure recommendations, which is to be done by competent
engineering geologists, in line with Geologist Act 2008.
Keywords:
Engineering geology; rock slope; slope failure; stability analysis
Abstrak
Penilaian kestabilan cerun batuan di Malaysia menjadi semakin penting berikutan pembangunan baharu yang melibatkan sisi bukit di sekitar bandar utama. Kertas ini mengulas kajian kes untuk mempersembahkan gambaran am amalan penilaian kestabilan cerun batuan di Malaysia, khususnya kepada metodologi dan hasil kajian kes tersebut. Metodologi yang sering digunakan meliputi sistem perkadaran yang dibangunkan untuk kegunaan tempatan, Perkadaran Jasad Batuan (RMR) dan terbitan, analisis kinematik, serta analisis numerik. Aplikasi teknik tersebut haruslah bersesuaian dengan keadaan tapak, manakala kelebihan dan kekurangannya perlu diketahui oleh penilai. Kemunculan teknologi baharu memperbaik kelajuan dan kualiti data yang diperoleh. Sebanyak 39 kajian kes yang mempunyai litologi yang berlainan telah diteliti, dengan perkembangan dikenal pasti daripada penilaian berasaskan analisis kinematik sehingga penggunaan sistem perkadaran dan analisis numerik. Kertas ini mencadangkan beberapa penambahbaikan untuk amalan penilaian cerun batuan. Antaranya adalah penubuhan satu panduan cara kerja baik dalam penilaian, penggabungan analisis numerik ke dalam amalan piawai, menambahbaik penggunaan teknologi baharu, perhatian kepada pengaruh luluhawa, pertimbangan pengaruh seismik di kawasan yang aktif seismik. Penggunaan kaedah numerik dan kaedah kontemporari lain mencerminkan pertambahan kefahaman berkenaan mekanik batuan yang penting dalam penilaian kestabilan cerun batuan dalam kalangan pengamal setempat. Penilaian cerun batuan yang ditambahbaik membolehkan penentuan kestabilan yang lebih tepat dan cadangan langkah mitigasi yang tertentu; yang sepatutnya dilakukan oleh ahli geologi kejuruteraan yang kompeten, selaras dengan Akta Ahli Geologi 2008.
Kata kunci: Analisis kestabilan; cerun batuan; geologi kejuruteraan; kegagalan cerun
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