Sains Malaysiana
52(3)(2023): 705-721
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5203-03
The Impact of
Land-Use and Climate Change on Water and Sediment Yields in Batanghari
Watershed, Sumatra, Indonesia
(Kesan
Penggunaan Tanah dan Perubahan Iklim terhadap Hasil Air dan Sedimen di Kawasan
Tadahan Batanghari, Sumatra, Indonesia)
IWAN
RIDWANSYAH1, APIP APIP1,4, HENDRO WIBOWO1,
ALDIANO RAHMADYA1, SUSIWIDIYALIZA SUSIWIDIYALIZA2, UNGGUL
HANDOKO3, FAJAR SETIAWAN1 & NURYA UTAMI4
1Research
Center for Limnology and Water Resources-National Research and Innovation
Agency Indonesia
2Batanghari Watershed Management Center
and Protected Forest
3Research Center
for Climate and Atmosphere - National Research and Innovation Agency
4Asia
Pasific Center for Ecohydrology
Diserahkan: 30 Jun 2022/Diterima: 2 Februari 2023
Abstract
The Batanghari River flows from the province of West
Sumatra into the West Coast of Jambi, with the main river extending up to 870
km. Also, the Batanghari watershed Land use changes have shown a decreasing
forest cover and an increasing agricultural area. Therefore, this study aims to
calculate the impact of land use and climate change on water and sediment yield
using Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) hydrological modeling. Land-use
change analysis was performed with projections in 2040 while, near future and future climate
projections under Representative Concentration Pathway (R.C.P.) 4.5 and 8.5
were used for global climate change scenarios. The results show a changing pattern of growing
agricultural area and decreasing forest area in 1990, 1997, 2005, 2015, and
2040. SWAT hydrological model used for the simulation was calibrated
automatically with SWAT-CUP and the results were validated on good criteria. The
sensitivity analysis results showed that effective hydraulic conductivity in
main channel alluvium (CH_K2) and Base flow alfa factor (Alfa_BF) formed the
most sensitive parameters for discharge. Furthermore, the model simulation showed an increase in
surface runoff and a decrease in lateral flow and base flow due to land-use
changes, which increased sediment loading over time. The impact of climate
change on water and sediment yield increased the average flow discharge ratio,
resulting in more frequent droughts and floods events.
Keywords: Future
climate; future landuse; sediment yield; SWAT model; water yield
Abstrak
Sungai Batanghari mengalir dari
wilayah Sumatera Barat ke Pantai Barat Jambi, dengan sungai utama memanjang
hingga 870 km. Selain itu, perubahan guna tanah kawasan tadahan Batanghari
telah menunjukkan penutupan hutan yang semakin berkurangan dan kawasan pertanian
yang semakin meningkat. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kesan
penggunaan tanah dan perubahan iklim terhadap air dan hasil sedimen menggunakan
pemodelan hidrologi Alat Penilaian Tanah dan Air (SWAT). Analisis perubahan
guna tanah telah dilakukan dengan unjuran pada tahun 2040 manakala unjuran
iklim terdekat dan masa hadapan di bawah Representative Concentration
Pathway (R.C.P.) 4.5 dan 8.5 digunakan untuk senario perubahan iklim
global. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perubahan corak kawasan pertanian yang semakin
meningkat dan kawasan hutan yang semakin berkurangan pada tahun 1990, 1997,
2005, 2015 dan 2040. Model hidrologi SWAT yang digunakan untuk simulasi telah
ditentukur secara automatik dengan SWAT-CUP dan hasilnya telah disahkan berdasarkan
kriteria yang baik. Keputusan analisis kesensitifan menunjukkan bahawa
kekonduksian hidraulik yang berkesan dalam aluvium saluran utama (CH_K2) dan
faktor alfa aliran asas (Alfa_BF) membentuk parameter yang paling sensitif
untuk nyahcas. Tambahan pula, simulasi model menunjukkan peningkatan dalam air
larian permukaan dan penurunan dalam aliran sisi dan aliran asas akibat
perubahan guna tanah yang meningkatkan beban sedimen dari semasa ke semasa.
Kesan perubahan iklim terhadap air dan hasil sedimen meningkatkan nisbah
pelepasan aliran purata, mengakibatkan kejadian kemarau dan banjir yang lebih
kerap.
Kata kunci: Guna tanah masa hadapan;
hasil air; hasil sedimen; iklim masa depan; model SWAT
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: iwan017@brin.go.id
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