Sains Malaysiana 52(4)(2023):
1059-1068
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5204-03
Erythrocytic Nuclear Abnormalities and Leucocyte Profiles of Asian
Seabass (Lates calcarifer) Exposed to Polluted Seawater
(Keabnormalan Nukleus Eritrosit dan Profil Leukosit Siakap Asia (Lates calcarifer) Terdedah
kepada Air Laut Tercemar)
SINLAPACHAI
SENARAT1,*, ANEK SOPON2, JES KETTRATAD3, KITIPONG
ANGSUJINDA2, NATTHAWUT CHAROENPHON4, PAHOL KOSIYACHINDA5,
KITIYA KONGTHONG6, PISIT POOLPRASERT7, PIYAKORN BOONYOUNG8 & PIYAMAT
KONGTUENG9
1Department of Marine Science and Environment,
Faculty of Science and Fisheries Technology,
Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang, 92150 Thailand
2Aquatic Resources Research
Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
3Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok,
10330 Thailand
4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
6Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan
University, Phitsanulok, 65000 Thailand
7Program of Biology, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, 65000 Thailand
8Division of Health and Applied Sciences,
Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
9Central Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100 Thailand
Diserahkan:
16 Julai 2022/Diterima: 21 Mac 2023
Abstract
Close to industrial activity and a major seaport in
the Gulf of Thailand, Sichang Island has
frequently suffered from pollution and oil spills. However,
the environmental health status of the surrounding waters is relatively unknown. Between December 2017 and January 2018, we reared ninety Asian
seabass (Lates calcarifer) in cage nets off the island and sampled blood to
investigate nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes and
build leucocyte profiles. The fish were purchased locally and reared in locations where oil spills have been recorded. Environmental parameters were within the
range of standard values. Erythrocyte nuclei had
segmented, reniform and notched abnormalities; however, they dramatically varied after exposure. At
the end of the three-month field experiment, very few
micronuclei had been observed. Observed
leucocytes were neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. The
percentage of lymphocytes increased considerably, reaching a post-exposure
peak at three months. Our data
suggest that erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities of Asian seabass could be used
as an early warning of toxic pollutants in the marine environment, and as a
baseline environmental health indicator for Sichang Island
and the surrounding area.
Keywords: Erythrocytes; fish health status;
hematology; leucocyte profiling; Sichang Island
Abstrak
Terletak berhampiran dengan aktiviti perindustrian dan
pelabuhan utama di Teluk Thailand, Pulau Sichang sering mengalami pencemaran
dan tumpahan minyak. Walau bagaimanapun, status kesihatan persekitaran perairan
sekitar tidak diketahui. Antara Disember 2017 dan Januari 2018, kami menternak
sembilan puluh ikan siakap Asia (Lates calcarifer) dalam jaring sangkar
di luar pulau dan sampel darah diambil untuk mengkaji keabnormalan nukleus
dalam eritrosit dan membina profil leukosit. Ikan dibeli secara tempatan dan
diternak di lokasi tumpahan minyak direkodkan. Parameter persekitaran berada
dalam julat nilai piawai. Nukleus eritrosit mempunyai keabnormalan bersegmen,
reniform dan berlekuk; walau bagaimanapun, mereka berubah secara mendadak
selepas pendedahan. Pada akhir tempoh percubaan lapangan selama tiga bulan,
sangat sedikit mikronukleus telah diperhatikan. Leukosit yang diperhatikan
ialah neutrofil, limfosit dan monosit. Peratusan limfosit meningkat dengan
ketara, mencapai kemuncak selepas pendedahan selama tiga bulan. Data kami
mencadangkan bahawa keabnormalan nukleus eritrosit bagi ikan siakap Asia boleh
digunakan sebagai amaran awal bahan pencemar toksik dalam persekitaran marin
dan sebagai penunjuk kesihatan alam sekitar asas untuk Pulau Sichang dan
kawasan sekitarnya.
Kata kunci: Eritrosit; hematologi; pemprofilan leukosit; Pulau Sichang; status kesihatan ikan
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