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Sains Malaysiana
52(5)(2023):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5205-03
Rekod Jangka Panjang Kepekatan Metana di
Malaysia
(Long Term Record of Methane in Malaysia)
MOHD
RASHDAN TOPA1,2, MOHD TALIB LATIF1,*, MURNIRA OTHMAN3,
MAGGIE OOI CHEL GEE4, NORFAZRIN MOHD HANIF1, MOHD
SHAHRUL MOHD NADZIR1, HARIS HAFIZAL ABD HAMID1, ANIS ASMA
AHMAD MOHTAR1,5 & LIEW JUNENG1
1Jabatan Sains Bumi dan Alam Sekitar, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia, Kementerian Alam Sekitar dan Air, 62574
Putrajaya, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
3Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4Pusat Sistem Perubahan Iklim Tropika (IKLIM), Institut Perubahan Iklim,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
5Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia, Kementerian Sumber Asli, Alam Sekitar dan
Perubahan Iklim, Jalan Sultan, 46667 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia
Diserahkan: 17 Disember 2022/Diterima: 17
April 2023
Abstrak
Gas metana (CH4)
adalah gas rumah hijau yang menyebabkan perubahan iklim dan pemanasan dunia.
Kajian CH4 dijalankan untuk melihat tren pelepasan CH4 di
Malaysia dalam satu jangka masa yang panjang (10 tahun) dari tahun 2000 hingga
2009 dan menilai hubungan CH4 dengan ozon permukaan (O3).
Data CH4 daripada 19 stesen pemantauan kualiti udara automatik
berterusan Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS) di Malaysia telah dianalisis menggunakan
analisis statistik dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil kajian mendapati nilai bacaan
kepekatan purata bulanan CH4 tertinggi dicatatkan di stesen Larkin,
Johor Bahru iaitu 2.61±0.54 ppm. Nilai purata kepekatan CH4 berdasarkan data yang direkodkan di semua stesen di Malaysia adalah 2.00 ppm.
Taburan kepekatan CH4 yang lebih tinggi didapati tertumpu di kawasan
bandar dan kawasan perindustrian di Selangor, Melaka dan Johor. Analisis
korelasi bagi menentukan hubungan CH4 dengan bahan pencemar O3 mendapati 15 stesen menunjukkan korelasi positif yang sangat kecil dan lemah (r < 0.20 dan 0.20 < r < 0.40) manakala empat stesen lagi
menunjukkan korelasi negatif. Hubungan antara CH4 dengan bahan
pencemar O3 bagi kesemua stesen adalah tidak signifikan (r < 0.5, p > 0.05). Stesen Shah
Alam didapati menunjukkan korelasi CH4 paling tinggi dengan O3 berbanding stesen lain. Pengetahuan asas berkenaan CH4 dalam udara ambien Malaysia yang ditunjukkan dalam kajian ini boleh digunakan
untuk menilai potensi impak CH4 terhadap alam sekitar, perubahan
iklim dan kesihatan manusia.
Kata kunci: Gas rumah hijau; iklim tropika; metana; ozon
permukaan
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse
gas (GHG) that causes climate change and global warming. This study was
conducted to look at the tren of CH4 emission in Malaysia over a
long period of time (10 years) from 2000 to 2009 and evaluate the relationship
of CH4 with surface ozone (O3). CH4 data from
19 continuous automatic air quality monitoring stations from the Department of
Environment (DOE) in Malaysia were analyzed using statistical analysis and
Pearson correlation. The results of the study found that the highest average monthly
CH4 concentration reading was recorded at Larkin station, Johor
Bahru which is 2.61 ± 0.54 ppm. The average concentration of CH4 based on the data recorded at all stations in Malaysia is 2.00 ppm. The
distribution of CH4 concentrations was found to be concentrated in
urban and industrial areas in Selangor, Melaka and Johor. Correlation analysis
to determine the relationship of CH4 with O3 pollutants
found that 15 stations showed very small and weak positive correlations (r < 0.20 and 0.20 < r < 0.40)
while another four stations showed negative correlations. The relationship
between CH4 and O3 pollutants for all stations was not
significant (r < 0.5, p > 0.05). Shah Alam station was
found to show the highest correlation of CH4 with O3 compared to other stations. The fundamental knowledge of CH4 in
Malaysian ambient air provided by this study can be utilised to assess its
possible effects on the environment, climate change and human health.
Keywords: Greenhouse
gases; methane; surface ozone; tropical climate
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: talib@ukm.edu.my
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