Lake acts as sentinels of climate change even though their efficacy has not been thoroughly analyzed. They are challenges in order to monitor and understand the effect of climate change because of the multitude of responses within an ecosystem and the spatial variation within the landscape. Some of the climate-related signals are highly visible and easy to measure in lakes. The effect on the lake ecosystem structure and function provides some of the early indications of current climate change and the consequences for ecosystem services. The key response variables within a lake that act as indicators of the effects of climate change on both the lake and the catchment have been identified. These variables reflect a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological responses to climate. However, the efficacy of the different indicators is affected by the regional response to climate change, characteristics of the catchment, and lake mixing regimes.

In Malaysia, the climate is strongly dominated by the Southeast Asia Maritime Continent monsoon which is an important component of the larger Asia-Australia monsoon system. The surface climate is influenced by two major monsoon regimes which are southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon. Basically, the southwest monsoon is characterized by low-level southwesterly winds that came across over the South China Sea. The season usually starts in November and ends in February the following year As for the northeast monsoon, the region is usually wetter when the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is located close to the equator. However, the annual cycle of precipitation shows spatial variations due to the complex distribution of land, sea, and terrain in the region.

The seasonal wind flow patterns and local topographic features gave the high patterns of precipitation in Malaysia. The east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, western Sarawak, and the northeast coast of Sabah experience heavy rain during the northeast monsoon. In the states of the East Coast, November, December, and January are the wettest months while June and July are the driest months. Most of the rest of the peninsula has peaks of high rainfall (October through November and April through May) followed by periods of lower rainfall (January through February and June through July). Apart from that, Malaysia receives an average of 6 hours of sunshine per day and causes our country to have uniformly high temperatures throughout the year. The relative humidity in Malaysia is high, ranging from 70 to 90%. Humidity varies more throughout the day than it does annually.