EDUCATION HISTORY

Ph.D. in Fuel Cell Engineering, Imperial College London, 2012

Master of Engineering (Chemical), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2006

Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) (Chemical), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2004

 

RESEARCH EXPERIENCES

Research Fellow (2007-Present) Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

PhD Research Student (2008-2012) Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Advisor: Prof. Dr. Nigel P. Brandon

MEng Student (2005-2006) Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Advisor: Prof. Ir. Dr. Abdul Amir Hassan Kadhum

 

AWARDS

Anugerah Bitara UKM 2018, Anugerah Bitara Penerbitan (Science Publication)

Best Paper Award in International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Green Technology 2018 (SEGT 2018): Optimization of screen-printed La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO_3- cathode film for intermediate temperature proton-conducting SOFC application

Silver Award in 3^rd International Innovation, Design and Articulation (i-IDEA 2016): A Novel of Natural Waste Based Activated Carbon in Producing LaSrCoO₃ Nano-Powder for SOFC Application

Gold Award in Invention, Innovation & Design Exposition 2015 (iideX2015): Development of Lanthanum Cobaltite-based Materials: From Pure to Composite Compound

Excellent Service Award 2014, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

PhD Scholarship, Public University Academic Training Scheme (SLAI, 2008-2012), Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education

 

PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPS

Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), Associate Member

Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM), Graduate Engineer

The Malaysia Association of Hydrogen Energy (MAHE), Member

The Malaysian Solid State Science and Technology (MASS), Member

 

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES

International level

Keynote speaker for the 7^th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology 2019 (ICFCHT2019)

Session Chair of the International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Green Technology 2018 (SEGT 2018)

Organizing Committee Member of the 6^th International Conference on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology (ICFCHT2017)

Appointed as external examiner for Master thesis at the Universiti Brunei Darussalam (2016)

Organizing Committee Member of the Asia Biohylinks (ABHL) Meeting: Asia Biohydrogen and Biorefinery (ABB) Symposium 2014

Peer reviewer for the international journals such as International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, Processing and Application of Ceramics, etc.

 

National level

Chairman of the Symposium on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology 2019 (SFCHT2019)

Panel for the Competition of Olympiad Nanotechnology Malaysia 2019 (ONM 2019)

Appointed as external examiner for Master thesis at the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (2019)

Panel for the Competition of Olympiad Nanotechnology Malaysia 2018 (ONM 2018)

Organizing Committee Member of the 28^th Symposium of Malaysian Chemical Engineers 2015 (SOMChE2015)

Organizing Committee Member of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Seminar jointly organized by UTHM and UKM (2015)

Speaker for the 2-Day Training Course on Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technology held in UKM (2013)

Peer reviewer for the Malaysian Journals such as Sains Malaysiana, International Journal of Integrated Engineering, Jurnal Teknologi, Jurnal Kejuruteraan, etc.

 

University level

Appointed as internal examiner for Master and PhD theses at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (2 PhD and 3 MSc)

Curriculum Reviewer for Master of Mechanical Engineering Program, Master and PhD of Fuel Cell Engineering, Fuel Cell System and Application Programs, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

UKM Internal Auditor of ISO9001:2015, since 2018

Course Coordinator of Fuel Cell System and Engineering, 2016-present

Postgraduate Program Coordinator of Fuel Cell Institute, 2012-2018, 2019-present

Laboratory Manager of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Laboratory, 2014-present

My research areas include conventional solid oxide fuel cells (O^2--SOFCs), proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H⁺-SOFCs) solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE), biomass gasification, ceramics and nanomaterials. For the past 10 years, I have been conducting research on the development various anode, cathode and electrolyte materials for low/intermediate temperature SOFCs. Also, improvement in fabrication techniques has been conducted to enhance the performance of SOFCs using existing materials. The conventional high temperature SOFC which generally operates at 800-1000 °C results in various problems including (1) severe restrictions on the choice of materials, (2) electrode sintering, (3) interfacial diffusion between electrode and electrolyte and (4) mechanical stress due to different thermal expansion coefficients between cell components. It is desirable to operate SOFCs at reduced temperatures (≤ 800 ^oC) to overcome these problems. By reducing the temperature to between 600 and 800 ^oC, the cost of SOFC technology may be dramatically reduced since much less expensive materials can be used in cell construction, and novel fabrication techniques can be applied to the stack and system integration. Furthermore, as the operating temperature is reduced, system reliability and operational life increase, as does the possibility of using SOFCs for a wide variety of applications, including residential and automotive applications. Currently, a 1 kW SOFC stack prototype is being developed using our newly developed materials for operation at intermediate temperature.

Replacing electrolyte materials from conventional oxygen ion (O^2-) conductors to proton (H⁺) conductors is another alternative to overcome the SOFC difficulties at the reduced temperatures. Proton-conducting electrolytes have higher ionic conductivity and electrical efficiency than those of oxygen ion conducting electrolytes at SOFC operating temperature range. The transport of H⁺ commonly shows lower activation energy than O^2-. H⁺-SOFC possesses few advantages compared with O^2--SOFC such as high fuel efficiency and less complex fuel recycling system. Moreover, H⁺-SOFC does not require fuel recirculation system given that the fuel remains pure due to water formation at the cathode side. One of the most serious problems of H⁺-SOFC is the increase in the ohmic resistance of electrolyte at reduced operating temperatures (< 800 °C). To address this problem, potential alternative electrolyte materials that can reduce temperature must be developed and this work is in progress in my research team. The development of cathode materials especially triple conducting (e^-/O^2-/H⁺) materials for H⁺-SOFC is very critical to enhance the performance of SOFCs. Proton-conducting composite cathodes can assist in the proton transport and formation of electronic defects, thereby improving the reaction sites and resulting in high charge transfer and decrease cathodic polarization resistance.

SOFC can be coupled to biomass gasification system for power generation. However, the impurities such as tar produced from the gasification of biomass has significant impact on the performance and durability of SOFCs. The tar may cause serious carbon deposition on the Ni-based anode which lead to catalyst deactivation and poor oxidation of fuel. Currently, my research team is investigating the impact of tar produced from the gasification of coconut and palm kernal shells on anode activity at various steam concentrations and temperatures. The amount of valuable gases (H₂, CO and CH₄) and tar produced from the gasification of biomass has also been investigated as a function of particle size and temperatures. In addition, the anode performance under methane fuel has been investigated by improving the properties of the existing anode materials via advance processing methods such as microwave-assisted glycine nitrate process. Co-impregnation of metals into anode scaffold is also a promising method to enhance the performance of anode as the Ni sintering issue can be reduced at high temperature. This work is being investigated using Ni and Cu as impregnated metals into the anode scaffold. The engineering of 3D electrode microstructure is also investigated using FIB-SEM technique. This investigation is important as it can contribute to the enhancement of fabrication and processing parameters of electrodes.

I have a close collaboration with Imperial College London and Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Indonesia in the development of materials for low temperature SOFC application since 2008. This collaboration has contributed several high quality publications.  Also, I have an excellent research network with various local universities including Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Universiti Malaya, Universiti Teknologi MARA and Universiti Teknologi Petronas. This collaboration has established a big SOFC research team in Malaysia.

 

NUMBER OF STUDENTS UNDER SUPERVISION

Supervision of Students
Details	PhD (Number of graduates)		Master (Number of graduates)
	Completed	On-going	Completed	On-going
Main and Co-Supervision	10	7	7	5

 

LIST OF STUDENTS UNDER MAIN SUPERVISION

No.	Thesis title	Student name	Level	Status
1.	Synthesis And Fabrication Of LaSrCoO3 Cathode For Intermediate Temperature Proton-Conducting SOFC	Abdullah Bin Abdul Samat (P80442)	PhD	Completed
2.	Fabrication of Ni-M/ScSZ (M = Co, Cu and Fe) Anodes for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Prepared by Microwave-Assisted Glycine Nitrate Process	Abdul Azim Bin Jais (P75102)	PhD	Thesis writing-up
3.	The Influence Of Real Tars Produced From The Biomass Gasification Of Palm And Coconut Shells On The Performance Of Ni-Based Anodes Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells	Ahmad Zubair Bin Yahaya (P89198)	PhD	On-going
4.	Proton-conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolyte For SrCeO3 Doped Barium, Indium, Praseodymium And Gallium	Nur Wardah Binti Norman (P88602)	MSc	Completed
5.	Triple cathode conducting (H+/O2-/e-) LiCo0.6M0.4O2 (M=Mn, Sr, Zn) for Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell	Wan Nor Anasuhah Binti Wan Yusoff (P90390)	MSc	Completed
6.	Synthesis and Characterization of Metal (M = Y, Pr, Bi, In) Doped BaCeZr-Based Electrolyte for Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells	Nur Lina Rashidah Bt Mohd Rashid (P86085)	MSc	Thesis writing-up
7.	Fabrikasi Katod Konduksi Tigaan LiCo1-xMxO2 (M = Ti, Ca dan Zr) Yang Stabil Dan Tahan Kelembapan Untuk Sel Fuel Oksida Pepejal Pengalir Proton	Muhammad Amirul Bin Mamsor (P100019)	MSc	On-going
8.	Impak Kitaran Redoks Terhadap Anod Ni-BCZY Untuk Aplikasi Sel-Fuel Oksida Pepejal Berkonduksi Proton	Nur Hanisah Binti Hadi         (P102345)	MSc	On-going
9.	Peranan Nisbah La/Sr Terhadap Prestasi Elektrokimia Dan Kestabilan Kimia Anod Ruddlesden-Popper LaSrMnO4+δ Untuk Aplikasi Sel Fuel Oksida Pepejal	Ainaa Nadhirah Binti Zainon (P104903)	MSc	On-going

 

RESEARCH GRANTS AS PROJECT LEADER

No.	Project title	Fund name	Duration	Status	Amount (RM)
2.	Development of a stable and humidity-resistant LiCo1-xMxO2 (M = Mn, Zn and Sr) cathode for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell	Dana Impak Perdana (DIP)	2018-2020	Active	100,000
3.	The influence of real tars produced from the biomass gasification of palm and coconut shells on the performance of Ni-based anodes of solid oxide fuel cells Code: GUP-2018-040	Geran Universiti Penyelidikan (GUP)	2018-2020	Active	65,000
4.	Development of Novel Proton Conducting Electrolyte for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application Code: DIP-2016-005	Dana Impak Perdana (DIP)	2016-2019	Active	100,000
5.	Impact of Ink Processing Parameters and Rheology on the Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Code: GUP-2015-038	Geran Universiti Penyelidikan (GUP)	2015-2017	Completed	80,200
6.	Reducing the carbon deposition onto Ni-based SOFC anodes in hydrocarbon fuel by partial substitution of Ni with metallic components of Cu, Co and Fe Code: FRGS/2/2013/TK06/UKM/02/9	Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental (FRGS)	2013-2017	Completed	91,000
7.	Development of Ni-Cu-Fe Based SOFC Anodes For Operation in Hydrocarbon Fuel Code: DLP-2014-004	Dana Lonjakan Penerbitan (DLP)	2014-2015	Completed	50,000
8.	Effect of Redox Cycling On The Durability and Performance of Ni/ScSZ Cermet For Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application Code: GGPM-2012-083	Geran Galakan Penyelidik Muda (GGPM)	2012-2014	Completed	40,000

 

ZIRA6012 Fuel Cell Technology

RARA6052 Fuel Cell System and Engineering

KKKK6453 Fuel Cell Technology and Application

2020

1. Jais, A.A., et al., Performance of Ni/10Sc1CeSZ anode synthesized by glycine nitrate process assisted by microwave heating in a solid oxide fuel cell fueled with hydrogen or methane. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2020. 24(3): p. 711-722.
2. Daud, S.M., et al., Low-cost novel clay earthenware as separator in microbial electrochemical technology for power output improvement. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2020: p. 1-11.
3. Yahaya, A.Z., et al., Effects of temperature on the chemical composition of tars produced from the gasification of coconut and palm kernel shells using downdraft fixed-bed reactor. Fuel, 2020. 265: p. 116910.
4. Ng, C., et al. Thermal Stability Behaviour of Scandia Stabilised Zirconia. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.

 

2019

5. Anwar, M., et al., Synthesis and characterization of M-doped ceria-ternary carbonate composite electrolytes (M= erbium, lanthanum and strontium) for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019. 775: p. 571-580.
6. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Synthesis and characterization of cobalt-free SrFe0· 8Ti0· 2O3-δ cathode powders synthesized through combustion method for solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019. 44(58): p. 30682-30691.
7. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Structural, morphological, and electrochemical behavior of titanium-doped SrFe1-xTixO3-δ (x= 0.1–0.5) perovskite as a cobalt-free solid oxide fuel cell cathode. Ceramics International, 2019. 45(10): p. 12903-12909.
8. Nafisah, O., et al. Sol-Gel Synthesis of Solid Solution Based on Cerate-Zirconate Ceramics. in Solid State Phenomena. 2019. Trans Tech Publications.
9. Rashid, N.L.R.M., et al., Review on zirconate-cerate-based electrolytes for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell. Ceramics International, 2019. 45(6): p. 6605-6615.
10. Aznam, I., et al., Review on Oxidation Behavior and Chromium Volatilization of Fe-Cr-Based Interconnects at High Operation Temperatures of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2019. 59(1): p. 148-155.
11. Rashid, N.L.R., et al. Properties of Pr and In-doped BaZrCeY-based electrolyte for Proton Conducting Fuel Cell systems. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
12. Yusoff, W.N.A.W., et al. Performance of LiCo0. 6Zn0. 4O2 as a potential cathode material candidate for intermediate solid oxide fuel cell application. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
13. Aznam, I., et al., Oxidation Behaviour of SUS430 Ferritic Stainless Steel and Effects of Gaseous Cr Species Volatilization on LSCF Cathode Surface in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Operating Temperature. SAINS MALAYSIANA, 2019. 48(4): p. 861-869.
14. Samat, A.A., et al. Optimisation of screen-printed La0. 6Sr0. 4CoO3-δ cathode film for intermediate temperature proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell application. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
15. Radzuan, N.A.M., A.B. Sulong, and M.R. Somalu, Influence the Filler Orientation on the Performance of Bipolar Plate. Sains Malaysiana, 2019. 48(3): p. 669-676.
16. Anwar, M., et al., Influence of strontium co-doping on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of erbium-doped ceria electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Ceramics International, 2019. 45(5): p. 5627-5636.
17. Baharuddin, N., et al. Influence of layer numbers on the structural and electrical performance of cobalt-free SrFe0. 5Ti0. 5O3-δ cathode for ntermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell application. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
18. Kalib, N.S., et al., Influence of heat transfer on thermal stress development in solid oxide fuel cells: A review. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2019. 54(2): p. 175-184.
19. Ali, S.M., et al., Influence of current collecting and functional layer thickness on the performance stability of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ-Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 composite cathode. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2019. 23(4): p. 1155-1164.
20. Radzuan, N.A.M., et al., Fibre orientation effect on polypropylene/milled carbon fiber composites in the presence of carbon nanotubes or graphene as a secondary filler: Application on PEM fuel cell bipolar plate. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019. 44(58): p. 30618-30626.
21. Mat, Z.A., et al., Fabrication and Characterization of YSZ/ScSZ bilayer electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC) Application. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2019. 11(7): p. 201-208.
22. Samat, A.A., et al. Electrochemical performance of La0. 6Sr0. 4CoO3-δ cathode in air and wet air for BaCe0. 54Zr0. 36Y0. 1O3-based proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
23. Yahaya, A.Z., et al., Effect of particle size and temperature on gasification performance of coconut and palm kernel shells in downdraft fixed-bed reactor. Energy, 2019. 175: p. 931-940.
24. Wafi, N., et al., Effect of lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide [Bmim][TFSI] immobilized in poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) PHEMA. Polymer Bulletin, 2019. 76(7): p. 3693-3707.
25. Raduwan, N.F., et al., Effect of ball milling time on the properties of nickel oxide-samarium-doped cerium composite anodes for solid oxide fuel cells. International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, 2019. 59(1): p. 16-24.
26. Norman, N., et al. Development of Sr0. 6Ba0. 4Ce0. 9Pr0. 1O3-δ Electrolyte for Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
27. Yahaya, A.Z., et al. Characterization of tar formation during high temperature gasification of different chemical compositions in biomass. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.
28. Jais, A., et al. Carbon Deposition Properties of Ni0. 5M0. 5/10Sc1CeSZ (M= Cu, Co and Fe) Cermet Anode for Dry Reforming Methane-Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2019. IOP Publishing.

 

2018

29. Yusof, W.N.A.W., et al., Synthesis and Characterization of Zn-doped LiCoO2 Material Prepared via Glycine-nitrate Combustion Method for Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application. JURNAL KEJURUTERAAN, 2018. 1(1): p. 11-15.
30. Abdalla, A.M., et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Sm1-xZrxFe1-yMgyO3 (x, y= 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) as Possible Electrolytes for SOFCs. in Key Engineering Materials. 2018. Trans Tech Publications.
31. Petra, P.M., et al., Synthesis and Characterization of Sm1-xxFe1-yMgyO3 (x, y= 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) as Possible Electrolytes for SOFCs. Advanced Materials Research VIII, 2018: p. 49.
32. Anwar, M., et al., Structural, optical and electrical properties of Ce0. 8Sm0. 2-xErxO2-δ (x= 0–0.2) Co-doped ceria electrolytes. Ceramics International, 2018. 44(12): p. 13639-13648.
33. Norman, N.W., M.R. Somalu, and A. Muchtar, A Short Review on the Proton Conducting Electrolytes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2018. 52(2): p. 115-122.
34. Aman, N.A.M.N., et al., A short review on the modeling of solid-oxide fuel cells by using computational fluid dynamics: assumptions and boundary conditions. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2018. 10(5).
35. Ng, K., H. Rahman, and M. Somalu, Review: Enhancement of composite anode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuels. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018.
36. Aznam, I., et al., A review of key parameters for effective electrophoretic deposition in the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells. Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A, 2018. 19(11): p. 811-823.
37. Samat, A.A., et al., Powder and Electrical Properties of La0. 6Sr0. 4CoO3-delta Cathode Material Prepared by a Modified Sol-Gel Method for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application. JURNAL KEJURUTERAAN, 2018. 1(2): p. 49-57.
38. Hashim, S.S., et al., Perovskite-based proton conducting membranes for hydrogen separation: A review. international journal of hydrogen energy, 2018. 43(32): p. 15281-15305.
39. Satar, I., et al., Performance of titanium–nickel (Ti/Ni) and graphite felt-nickel (GF/Ni) electrodeposited by Ni as alternative cathodes for microbial fuel cells. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2018. 89: p. 67-76.
40. Aman, N.A.M.N., et al., Overview of Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2018. 52(2): p. 174-181.
41. SA, M.A., et al., Optical, mechanical and electrical properties of LSCF–SDC composite cathode prepared by sol–gel assisted rotary evaporation technique. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2018. 86(2): p. 493-504.
42. Aznam, I., et al., Interconnect Development for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2018. 51(2): p. 227-233.
43. Radzuan, N.A.M., A.B. Sulong, and M.R. Somalu, Influence the Fillers Orientation: A Short Review. 2018.
44. Hoa, N.K., H.A. Rahman, and M.R. Somalu, Influence of Silver Addition on the Morphological and Thermal Characteristics of Nickel Oxide-Samarium Doped Ceria Carbonate (NiO-SDCC) Composite Anode. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2018. 10(1): p. 196-201.
45. Ali, S.M., et al., Influence of oxygen ion enrichment on optical, mechanical, and electrical properties of LSCF perovskite nanocomposite. Ceramics International, 2018. 44(9): p. 10433-10442.
46. Samat, A.A., et al., Heat treatment effect on the phase and morphology of NiO-BCZY prepared by an evaporation and decomposition of solution and suspension method. Sains Malaysiana, 2018. 47(3): p. 589-594.
47. Kalib, N.S., et al., Factors influencing thermal stress development in solid oxide fuel cells. Fuel, 2018. 1(2): p. 3.
48. Yusoff, W.N.A.W., et al., Fabrication process of cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. Fuel, 2018. 1: p. 2.
49. Radzuan, N.A.M., A.B. Sulong, and M.R. Somalu. Extrusion Process of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced Milled Carbon Fibre for Conductive Polymer Composite Application. in MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018. EDP Sciences.
50. Azizi, M.A.H., et al., Enhanced hydrogen selectivity from catalytic decomposition of formic acid over FeZnIr nanocatalyst at room temperature. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2018. 44(11): p. 6787-6802.
51. Ali, S.M., et al., Enhanced electrochemical performance of LSCF cathode through selection of optimum fabrication parameters. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2018. 22(1): p. 263-273.
52. Samat, A.A., et al., Electrochemical performance of sol-gel derived La0. 6Sr0. 4CoO3-δ cathode material for proton-conducting fuel cell: A comparison between simple and advanced cell fabrication techniques. Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2018. 12(3): p. 277-286.
53. Abdul, S.A., et al., Electrochemical performance of sol-gel derived La0. 6S0. 4CoO3-δ cathode material for proton-conducting fuel cell: A comparison between simple and advanced cell fabrication techniques. Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2018. 12(3): p. 277-286.
54. Radzuan, N., et al., Electrical conductivity models of die configuration for polypropylene-reinforced milled carbon fibre. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (JAMT), 2018. 12(1 (3)): p. 193-206.
55. Samat, A.A., et al., Electrical and electrochemical characteristics of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3-δ cathode materials synthesized by a modified citrate-EDTA sol-gel method assisted with activated carbon for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell application. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2018. 86(3): p. 617-630.
56. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Effects of sintering temperature on the structural and electrochemical properties of SrFe0. 5Ti0. 5O3‐δ perovskite cathode. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology, 2018. 15(2): p. 338-348.
57. Hoa, N., H. Rahman, and M.R. Somalu, Effects of NiO loading and pre-calcination temperature on NiO-SDCC composite anode powder for low-Temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Ceramics-Silikaty, 2018. 62(1): p. 50-58.
58. Mohd Radzuan, N.A., et al., Effects of die configuration on the electrical conductivity of polypropylene reinforced milled carbon fibers: An application on a bipolar plate. Polymers, 2018. 10(5): p. 558.
59. Daud, S.M., et al., Comparison of performance and ionic concentration gradient of two-chamber microbial fuel cell using ceramic membrane (CM) and cation exchange membrane (CEM) as separators. Electrochimica Acta, 2018. 259: p. 365-376.
60. Raduwan, N.F., et al., Challenges in fabricating solid oxide fuel cell stacks for portable applications: A short review. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 2018. 10(5).
61. Radzuan, N.A.M., et al. Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene: An Electrical Conductivity Model. in Key Engineering Materials. 2018. Trans Tech Publications Ltd.

 

2017

62. Raharjo, J., et al., Synthesis and characterization of uniform-sized cubic ytterbium scandium co-doped zirconium oxide (1Yb10ScSZ) nanoparticles by using basic amino acid as organic precursor. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017. 42(14): p. 9274-9283.
63. Baharuddin, N.A., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu, Short review on cobalt-free cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2017. 42(14): p. 9149-9155.
64. Somalu, M.R., et al., Screen-printing inks for the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cell films: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 75: p. 426-439.
65. Somalu, M.R., A. Muchtar, and N.P. Brandon, Properties of screen-printed nickel/scandia-stabilized-zirconia anodes fabricated using rheologically optimized inks during redox cycles. Journal of Materials Science, 2017. 52(12): p. 7175-7185.
66. Mahmud, L.S., et al., Processing of composites based on NiO, samarium-doped ceria and carbonates (NiO-SDCC) as anode support for solid oxide fuel cells. Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2017. 11(3): p. 206-212.
67. Baharuddin, N.A., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu, Preparation of SrFe0. 5Ti0. 5O3− δ perovskite-structured ceramic using the glycine-nitrate combustion technique. Materials Letters, 2017. 194: p. 197-201.
68. Mah, J.C., et al., Metallic interconnects for solid oxide fuel cell: a review on protective coating and deposition techniques. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017. 42(14): p. 9219-9229.
69. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Influence of mixing time on the purity and physical properties of SrFe0. 5Ti0. 5O3-δ powders produced by solution combustion. Powder Technology, 2017. 313: p. 382-388.
70. Satar, I., et al., Immobilized mixed-culture reactor (IMcR) for hydrogen and methane production from glucose. Energy, 2017. 139: p. 1188-1196.
71. Mah, J.C., et al., Formation of sol–gel derived (Cu, Mn, Co) 3O4 spinel and its electrical properties. Ceramics International, 2017. 43(10): p. 7641-7646.
72. Ali, S.M., et al., Enhancement of the interfacial polarization resistance of La0. 6Sr0. 4Co0. 2Fe0. 8O3-δ cathode by microwave-assisted combustion method. Ceramics International, 2017. 43(5): p. 4647-4654.
73. Jais, A.A., et al., Enhanced ionic conductivity of scandia-ceria-stabilized-zirconia (10Sc1CeSZ) electrolyte synthesized by the microwave-assisted glycine nitrate process. Ceramics International, 2017. 43(11): p. 8119-8125.
74. Radzuan, N.A.M., A.B. Sulong, and M. Rao Somalu, Electrical properties of extruded milled carbon fibre and polypropylene. Journal of Composite Materials, 2017. 51(22): p. 3187-3195.
75. Anwar, M., et al., Effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure and ionic conductivity of Ce0.8Sm0.1Ba0.1O2-δ electrolyte. Processing and Application of Ceramics, 2017. 11(1): p. 67-74.
76. Seyednezhad, M., et al., Effect of compaction pressure on the performance of a non-symmetrical NiO–SDC/SDC composite anode fabricated by conventional furnace. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 2017. 5(2): p. 77-81.
77. Mahmud, L., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu, Challenges in fabricating planar solid oxide fuel cells: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017. 72: p. 105-116.
78. Ali, S.M., et al., Ce0. 80Sm0. 10Ba0. 05Er0. 05O2-δ multi-doped ceria electrolyte for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Ceramics International, 2017. 43(1): p. 1265-1271.

 

2016

79. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Thermal Decomposition of Cobalt-free SrFe0. 9Ti0. 1O3-δ Cathode for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Procedia engineering, 2016. 148: p. 72-77.
80. Hoa, N.K., H. Abdul Rahman, and M. Rao Somalu. Preparation of Nickel Oxide-Samarium-Doped Ceria Carbonate Composite Anode Powders by Using High-Energy Ball Milling for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. in Materials Science Forum. 2016. Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
81. Samat, A.A., et al., Preparation of Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Oxide Powder by a Modified Sol-gel Method. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 2016. 20(6): p. 1458-1466.
82. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Pengaruh suhu sinter terhadap prestasi elektrokimia katod komposit sel bahan api oksida pepejal (SOFC) LSCF-SDCC. Sains Malaysiana, 2016. 45(3): p. 459-465.
83. Radzuan, N.A.M., A.B. Sulong, and M.R. Somalu, Optimization of milled carbon fibre extrusion and polypropylene process for conductive polymer composite. Sains Malaysiana, 2016. 45(12): p. 1913-1921.
84. Shaikh, S.P., M.R. Somalu, and A. Muchtar, Nanostructured Cu-CGO anodes fabricated using a microwave-assisted glycine–nitrate process. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2016. 98: p. 91-99.
85. Seyednezhad, M., et al., Nanostructured and nonsymmetrical NiO–SDC/SDC composite anode performance via a microwave-assisted route for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2016. 31(10): p. 1301-1305.
86. Ng, C., et al., Microwave sintering of ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia as electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell. international journal of hydrogen energy, 2016. 41(32): p. 14184-14190.
87. Samat, A.A., et al., LSC cathode prepared by polymeric complexation method for proton-conducting SOFC application. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 2016. 78(2): p. 382-393.
88. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Influence of sintering temperature on the polarization resistance of La0. 6Sr0. 4Co0. 2Fe0. 8O3-δ–SDC carbonate composite cathode. Ceramics–Silikáty, 2016. 60(2): p. 115-121.
89. Mahmud, L.S., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu, Influence of sintering temperature on NiO-SDCC anode for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). Ceramics-Silikaty, 2016. 60(4): p. 317-323.
90. Samat, A.A., et al., Influence of chemical agent in synthesizing strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltite powder. Solid State Science and Technology, 2016. 24(2): p. 135-142.
91. Ng, K., et al., Influence of calcination on the properties of nickel oxide-samarium doped ceria carbonate (NiO-SDCC) composite anodes. Procedia Chemistry, 2016. 19: p. 267-274.
92. Anwar, M., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu, Effects of various co-dopants and carbonates on the properties of doped ceria-based electrolytes: A brief review. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 2016. 11(19): p. 9921-9928.
93. Baharuddin, N.A., et al., Effects of sintering temperature on the electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) composite cathode LSCF-SDCC. Sains Malaysiana, 2016. 45(3): p. 459-465.
94. Ramesh, S., et al., Effects of sintering on the mechanical and ionic properties of ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia ceramic. Ceramics International, 2016. 42(13): p. 14469-14474.
95. Muhammed Ali, S., A. Muchtar, and M. Rao Somalu. The Effect of NiO Content on the Physical Properties of NiO–Samarium Doped Ceria Carbonate Composite Anode Powder for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. in Advanced Materials Research. 2016. Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
96. Chong, F.D., et al., Effect of manganese oxide on the sinterability of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia. Materials Characterization, 2016. 120: p. 331-336.
97. Wafi, N., et al., Application of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) gel electrolyte in electrochemical device: An Overview. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res, 2016. 11: p. 10043-10047.

 

2015

98. Somalu, M.R., A. Muchtar, and N.P. Brandon, Understanding the rheology of screen-printing inks for the fabrication of SOFC thick films. ECS Transactions, 2015. 68(1): p. 1323-1331.
99. Rhazaoui, K., et al., Towards the 3D Modelling of the Effective Conductivity of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes–Validation against experimental measurements and prediction of electrochemical performance. Electrochimica Acta, 2015. 168: p. 139-147.
100. Shaikh, S.P., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu, A review on the selection of anode materials for solid-oxide fuel cells. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015. 51: p. 1-8.
101. Siong@ Mahmud, L., A. Muchtar, and M.R. Somalu. Review on anode material development in solid oxide fuel cells. in AIP Conference Proceedings. 2015. AIP Publishing LLC.
102. Muchtar, A. and M.R. Somalu. Review on anode material development in solid oxide fuel cells. in American Institute of Physics Conference Series. 2015.
103. Bertei, A., et al. Physically-based interpretation of impedance spectra of solid oxide fuel cell anodes. in Hydrogen & Fuel Cell SUPERGEN Researcher Conference 2015. 2015.
104. Ali, S.M., et al., Effect of sintering temperature on surface morphology and electrical properties of samarium-doped ceria carbonate for solid oxide fuel cells. Ceramics International, 2015. 41(1): p. 1323-1332.
105. Seyednezhad, M., et al., Characterization of IT-SOFC non-symmetrical anode sintered through conventional furnace and microwave. Ceramics International, 2015. 41(4): p. 5663-5669.

 

2014

106. Ahmadrezaei, M., et al., Thermal expansion behavior of the Ba0.2Sr0.8Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) with Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9. Ceramics–Silikáty, 2014. 58(1): p. 46-49.
107. Tariq, F., et al., Advanced 3D imaging and analysis of SOFC electrodes. ECS Transactions, 2014. 64(2): p. 81-86.
108. Tariq, F., et al., 3D imaging and quantification of interfaces in SOFC anodes. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014. 34(15): p. 3755-3761.

 

2013

109. Somalu, M.R., et al., Understanding the relationship between ink rheology and film properties for screen-printed nickel/scandia-stabilized-zirconia anodes. ECS Transactions, 2013. 57(1): p. 1321-1330.
110. Somalu, M.R., et al., The impact of ink rheology on the properties of screen-printed solid oxide fuel cell anodes. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2013. 38(16): p. 6789-6801.
111. Somalu, M.R., V. Yufit, and N. Brandon, The effect of solids loading on the screen-printing and properties of nickel/scandia-stabilized-zirconia anodes for solid oxide fuel cells. International journal of hydrogen energy, 2013. 38(22): p. 9500-9510.
112. Ghasemi, M., et al., Copper-phthalocyanine and nickel nanoparticles as novel cathode catalysts in microbial fuel cells. International Journal of hydrogen energy, 2013. 38(22): p. 9533-9540.

 

2012

113. Somalu, M.R. and N.P. Brandon, Rheological studies of nickel/scandia‐stabilized‐zirconia screen printing inks for solid oxide fuel cell anode fabrication. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2012. 95(4): p. 1220-1228.

 

2011

114. Somalu, M.R., N. Brandon, and V. Yufit, A study of the rheological properties of NiO/ScSZ screen-printing inks and their application to SOFC anodes. ECS Transactions, 2011. 35(1): p. 1483-1500.
115. Somalu, M.R., et al., Fabrication and characterization of Ni/ScSZ cermet anodes for IT-SOFCs. international journal of hydrogen energy, 2011. 36(9): p. 5557-5566.