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Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2731–2739 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-16
The Effect of Palm Tocotrienol on Surface
Osteoblast and Osteoclast in Excess Glucocorticoid Osteoporotic
Rat Model (Kesan Tokotrienol Sawit kepada Permukaan
Osteoblas dan Osteoklas dalam Model Tikus Berlebihan Osteoporosis
Glukokortikoid) MOHAMAD FAIRUZ YAHAYA1*,
AZIZI
ZAINODIN1,
REINUKAA
PUPATHY1,
EDWIN
ONG
HOCK
MIN1,
NURUL
HUSNA
ABU
BAKAR1,
NOR
AZIMAH
ZAMRI1,
HALIM
ISMAIL2
& ELVY SUHANA MOHD
RAMLI1 1Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras,
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia 2Department
of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak,
56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia Received:
20 March 2018/Accepted: 5 July 2018 ABSTRACT A balanced interaction between
osteoblast and osteoclast plays a major role in maintaining bone
strength and structural integrity. Tocotrienol, a palm derivative
with potent antioxidant properties showed an anti-osteoporotic
effect but little is known about its mechanism of action. Hence,
this research was conducted to determine the effects of palm tocotrienol
on the surface osteoblast and osteoclast of the the glucocorticoid-induced
osteoporotic bones. The study involved 40 male Sprague-Dawley
rats weighing 250-300 g which were randomly divided into an equal
number of Baseline, Sham, Adrx+Dexa (adrenalectomized with dexamethasone),
Adrx+Dexa+ATF (adrenalectomized with dexamethasone
supplemented with α-tocopherol) and Adrx+Dexa+PTT (adrenalectomized with dexamethasone supplemented with
palm tocotrienol). Bloods were taken prior to sacrifice for serum
biomarkers and either tibia or femur was harvested for bone biomarkers,
gene expressions analysis and histological studies. A double-blinded
experiment was performed to calculate the number of total cells
(osteoblasts and osteoclast) with intact nuclei within five fields
of view. While serum osteocalcin and gene expression did not show
any changes, CTX level was increased in the
Adrx+Dexa group but reduced after the supplementation of palm
tocotrienol. Supplementation of palm tocotrienol also significantly
decrease the osteoclast population (p<0.05)
compared to Adrx+Dexa group. In contrast, osteoblast population
showed no significant difference across the groups. The result
showed that palm tocotrienol acts by modulating the osteoclasts
but not osteoblast, which revert the dynamics of bone cells population
in the osteoporotic bone to its pre-osteoporotic levels. Supplements
of tocotrienol in daily diet may be beneficial in preventing osteoporosis. Keywords: Antioxidant; osteoblast;
osteoclast; osteoporosis; vitamin E ABSTRAK Interaksi seimbang antara osteoblas
dan osteoklas memainkan peranan utama dalam mengekalkan kekuatan
dan integriti struktur tulang. Tokotrienol, terbitan sawit dengan
sifat antioksidan yang kuat telah menunjukkan kesan anti-osteoporosis
tetapi amat sedikit diketahui tentang mekanisme tindakannya. Oleh
yang demikian, kajian ini dijalankan untuk menentukan kesan tokotrienol
sawit ke atas sel permukaan osteoblas dan osteoklas pada tulang
osteoporosis aruhan glukokortikoid. Kajian ini melibatkan 40 ekor
tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan dengan berat antara 250-300 g yang
dibahagikan secara rawak kepada kumpulan Kawalan, Sham, Adrx+Dexa
(adrenalektomi dengan deksamethason), Adrx+Dexa+ATF (adrenalektomi dengan deksamethason
ditambah α-tokoferol) dan Adrx+Dexa+PTT (adrenalektomi
dengan deksamethason ditambah tocotrienol sawit) secara oral selama
dua bulan. Darah diambil daripada tikus sebelum dikorbankan dan
tulang tibia atau femur kemudiannya diambil untuk kajian petanda
biokimia dan histologi. Kajian ‘double blinded’ dilakukan dengan
menghitung jumlah keseluruhan sel (osteoblas dan osteoklas) dengan
nukleus dalam lima medan pandangan. Sementara serum osteokalsin
dan ekspresi gen tidak menunjukkan sebarang perubahan, aras CTX
meningkat pada kumpulan Adrx+Dexa tetapi menurun
dengan suplementasi tocotrienol sawit. Suplementasi tocotrienol
sawit juga menyebabkan penurunan ketara bilangan osteoklas (p<0.05) berbanding kumpulan Adrx+Dexa. Sebaliknya, populasi
osteoblas tidak menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan pada kesemua
kumpulan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tokotrienol sawit
bertindak dengan memodulasi osteoklas tetapi bukan osteoblas yang
mengembalikan dinamik osteoblas dan populasi osteoblas dalam tulang
osteoporosis ke tahap
pra-osteoporosis. Tambahan
tokotrienol dalam diet harian mampu memberi manfaat dalam mencegah
osteoporosis. Kata kunci: Antioksidan; osteoblas; osteoklas; osteoporosis; vitamin
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