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Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2713–2729 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-15
More Ulam for Your Brain: A Review
on the Potential Role of Ulam in Protecting Against Cognitive
Decline (Lebihkan Ulam untuk Otak
Anda: Suatu Kajian tentang Potensi Ulam dalam Lindungi Penyusutan
Fungsi Kognitif) YEEXING YOU1,2,
SUZANA
SHAHAR1,2*,
HASNAH
HARON3
& HANIS MASTURA YAHYA3 1Dietetics Programme,
Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul
Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia 2Head of Centre
for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia 3Nutritional Sciences
Programme, Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (H-CARE), Faculty
of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja
Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia Received: 29 March 2018/Accepted: 5 July 2018 ABSTRACT Ulam is the South East Asian
traditional vegetables which contains high total phenolic content
and exhibits antioxidant activity. Several studies have reported
the potential of neuroprotective effect of ulam. The objective
of this review article was to highlight the total phenolic content
(TPC) and antioxidant activity
of ulam and the roles of phenolic content that can contribute
to attenuation of cognitive decline. The review includes randomized
controlled trial and experimental studies from year 2007 to 2017.
In this review, PRISMA
method was used to report the results (n=15).
Phenolic compounds, ie plants’ second metabolites of selected
ulam in South East Asia were also discussed in this review,
with respect to its potential for health promotion which and reducing
the risk of cognitive disease. Oenanthe javanica (selom),
Ocimum basilicum (daun selasih) and Anacardium occidentale
L. (pucuk gajus) were ranked in the top three highest
TPC
among all the selected ulam. In general,
Polygonum minus (kesum), Anacardium occidentale L.
(pucuk gajus) and Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) exhibited
high DPPH radical scavenging activity whereas Anacardium
occidentale L. (pucuk gajus) exhibited highest ferric
ion reducing potential (FRAP) among all the selected ulam in South East Asia
countries. Overall, some studies had shown Centella asiatica
(pegaga), Oenanthe javanica (selom), Polygonum
minus (kesum), Ocimum basilicum (daun selasih) and
Murraya koenigii (daun kari) are beneficial in improving
cognitive status and mood. The bioactive compounds in ulam
may exhibit neuroprotective effects but human studies are still
lacking in exploring the relationship between ulam consumption
and cognitive status. Keywords: Antioxidant; cognitive;
mood; phenolic; ulam ABSTRAK Ulam merupakan sayuran tradisi
Asia Tenggara yang mengandungi kandungan fenolik yang tinggi dan
menunjukkan aktiviti antioksidan. Beberapa kajian melaporkan ulam
berpotensi sebagai pelindung neuro. Objektif kertas ini adalah
untuk membandingkan jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC), aktiviti antioksidan ulam serta
peranan kandungan fenolik yang mengelakkan penyusutan fungsi kognitif.
Ulasan kertas ini meliputi ujian klinikal dan uji kaji dari tahun
2007 hingga 2017. Dalam ulasan ini, kaedah PRISMA digunakan untuk melaporkan keputusan
(n=15). Sebatian fenolik, i.e. metabolit sekunder tumbuhan daripada
beberapa ulam terpilih di Asia Tenggara juga dibincangkan dalam
ulasan ini daripada segi potensinya dalam mempromosikan kesihatan
dan mengelakkan penyusutan fungsi kognitif. Oenanthe javanica
(selom), Ocimum basilicum (daun selasih) dan Anacardium
occidentale L. (pucuk gajus) merupakan tiga TPC yang tertinggi dalam kalangan semua
ulam terpilih. Secara umum, Polygonum minus (kesum), Anacardium
occidentale L. (pucuk gajus) dan Cosmos caudatus (ulam
raja) menunjukkan aktiviti pemotongan radikal DPPH yang tinggi manakala Anacardium
occidentale L. (pucuk gajus) menunjukkan potensi penurunan
ion ferik tertinggi dalam kalangan semua ulam yang terpilih di
negara-negara Asia Tenggara. Secara keseluruhan, beberapa kajian
telah menunjukkan Centella asiatica (pegaga), Oenanthe
javanica (selom), Polygonum minus (kesum), Ocimum
basilicum (daun selasih) dan Murraya koenigii (daun
kari) bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan fungsi kognitif dan emosi.
Sebatian bioaktif dalam ulam berpotensi memberi kesan sebagai
pelindung neuro namun kajian manusia yang menerokai hubungan antara
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