Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2917–2925

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-35

 

Discrete Event Simulation and Data Envelopment Analysis Models for Selecting the Best Resource Allocation Alternative at an Emergency Department’s Green Zone

(Simulasi Peristiwa Diskret dan Analisis Penyampulan Data untuk Pemilihan Alternatif Pengagihan Sumber yang Terbaik di Zon Hijau Jabatan Kecemasan)

 

NAZHATUL SAHIMA MOHD YUSOFF¹, CHOONG-YEUN LIONG^2*, ABU YAZID MD NOH³ & WAN ROSMANIRA ISMAIL²

 

¹Faculty of Computer Sciences & Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Kelantan, 18500 Machang, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

²School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

³Emergency Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Jalan Raja Perempuan Zainab 2, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Darul Naim, Malaysia

 

Received: 18 September 2017/Accepted: 19 July 2018

 

ABSTRACT

The Green Zone of Emergency Department Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (EDHUSM) which provides treatment for non-critical cases contributes partly to the hustle and bustle in the emergency department. The imbalance of doctors and nurses with the patient ratio which forms the resources’ bottleneck further results to the long patients’ waiting time especially after the office hours and during weekends and public holidays. Collectively, this disproportion and bottlenecks roots up the current problem faced by Green Zone EDHUSM which constantly fails to achieve the KPIs set by the hospital. Henceforth, this study focuses on the best resource allocation of doctors and nurses for shifts during the weekdays and for shifts during weekends and public holidays. The hybrid method of Discrete Event Simulation, and Data Envelopment Analysis models such as BCC-input oriented and Super-Efficiency, were deployed to obtain the best resource allocation for the two groups of shift. The method produced a series of resources allocation alternatives for doctors and nurses with a total of 64 alternatives for weekdays and 729 alternatives for weekends and public holidays. The results show that the best allocation for doctors and nurses during weekdays are three doctors and three nurses serving for every shift, while during weekends and public holidays, a combination of four doctors and four nurses for every shift are the best. The proposed combinations have reduced the average waiting time, optimized the utilization of doctors and nurses, and managed to increase the number of patients served during weekdays, weekends and public holidays.

 

Keywords: BCC model; data envelopment analysis; discrete event simulation; efficiency scores; simulation; super efficiency model

 

ABSTRAK

Zon Hijau Jabatan Kecemasan Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (JKHUSM) yang memberikan rawatan untuk kes yang tidak kritikal merupakan antara penyumbang kepada kesibukan dan kesesakan di JKHUSM. Ketakseimbangan antara jumlah doktor dan jururawat dengan nisbah pesakit mengakibatkan kesendatan sumber yang menyebabkan purata masa menunggu pesakit yang panjang terutamanya selepas waktu pejabat bagi hari bekerja dan pada cuti hujung minggu dan kelepasan am. Secara kolektif, ketakseimbangan dan kesendatan ini merupakan faktor utama kepada masalah yang dialami di Zon Hijau JKHUSM dan seterusnya gagal mencapai Penunjuk Prestasi Utama jabatan yang ditetapkan oleh hospital. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada menentukan pengagihan sumber yang terbaik dalam memperuntukkan jumlah doktor dan jururawat yang bekerja mengikut syif untuk kelompok hari biasa dan kelompok hari cuti hujung minggu dan hari kelepasan am. Kaedah hibrid Simulasi Peristiwa Diskret dengan model BCC-berorentasikan input dan model Kecekapan Super yang terdapat dalam kaedah Analisis Penyampulan Data telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan alternatif pengagihan sumber yang terbaik bagi kedua-dua kelompok syif tersebut. Sejumlah 64 alternatif kombinasi untuk doktor dan jururawat untuk setiap syif telah dicadangkan bagi kelompok hari bekerja, dan 729 alternatif bagi kelompok cuti hujung minggu dan kelepasan am. Keputusan menunjukkan jumlah doktor dan jururawat yang sepatutnya bertugas bagi kelompok hari bekerja adalah seramai tiga orang doktor dan tiga orang jururawat untuk setiap syif, manakala untuk kelompok cuti hujung minggu dan kelepasan am pula, gabungan empat orang doktor dan empat orang jururawat bertugas bagi setiap syif adalah terbaik. Gabungan yang dicadangkan telah mengurangkan purata masa menunggu pesakit, mengoptimumkan penggunaan sumber dan berjaya meningkatkan bilangan pesakit yang dirawat pada hari biasa serta pada hari cuti hujung minggu dan kelepasan am.

 

Kata kunci: Analisis penyampulan data; model BCC; model kecekapan super; skor kecekapan; simulasi; simulasi peristiwa diskret

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*Corresponding author; email: lg@ukm.edu.my