Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1393–1400

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-06

Heavy Metals Content in Paraphilometroides nemipteri from South China Sea may Influence Level of Glutathione and P38 Protein Expression

(Kandungan Logam Berat dalam Paraphilometroides nemipteri dari Laut China Selatan

Boleh Mempengaruhi Tahap Glutation dan Ekspresi Protein P38)

NURUL HUDA ABD KADIR^1,3*, MOHD FAUZI MAHMUD¹, MOHAMAD KHAIRI MOHD ZAINOL², MASTURA ABD MALEK^3,5 & FAIZAH SHAHAROM HARRISON^3,4

¹School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²School of Science and Food Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

³Institute of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

⁴School of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

⁵Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnoloy (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 21 November 2017/Accepted: 19 February 2018

ABSTRACT

Numerous studies have shown that parasites potentially become bio-accumulators for heavy metals. The heavy metals content in parasite-infected fish was reported to be lower compared to the parasite non-infected fish. Evaluation of heavy metal content in Nemipterus peronii and Paraphilometroides nemipteri was performed using ICP-OES. Our result has shown that arsenic was the most abundance heavy metal content in muscle N. peronii and P. nemipteri, suggesting that the parasite has the ability to accumulate heavy metals. Heavy metals were reported to induce oxidative stress where glutathione and p38 protein may be involved. Thus, expression of the p38 protein was determined using western blot technique and glutathione content was measured fluorometrically. The p38 expression in P. nemipteri of Pulau Kambing was higher compared to P. nemipteri of Besut has shown that the parasite may exposed to stress. Glutathione content showed no significant changes due to detoxification mechanism occurred in the parasite. In this study, we could conclude that P. nemipteri could be a bio-accumulator, whereas p38 protein and glutathione as indicator of stress level in the parasite that exposed to the heavy metals.

Keywords: Glutathione; heavy metals, Nemipterus peronii; oxidative stress; Paraphilometroides nemipterii

ABSTRAK

Banyak kajian telah menunjukkan bahawa parasit berpotensi menjadi bio-akumulator bagi logam berat. Kandungan logam berat dalam ikan yang dijangkiti parasit dilaporkan lebih rendah berbanding ikan parasit yang tidak dijangkiti parasit. Penilaian kandungan logam berat dalam Nemipterus peronii dan Paraphilometroides nemipteri dilakukan menggunakan ICP-OES. Keputusan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahawa arsenik merupakan kandungan logam berat yang paling banyak di dalam otot N. peronii dan P. nemipteri, ini menunjukkan bahawa parasit mempunyai keupayaan untuk mengumpul logam berat. Logam berat dilaporkan menyebabkan tekanan oksidatif dengan protein glutation dan p38 mungkin terlibat. Oleh itu, ekspresi protein p38 ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik Western blot dan kandungan glutation diukur secara fluorometri. Ekspresi protein p38 oleh P. nemipteri dari Pulau Kambing adalah lebih tinggi berbanding P. nemipteri di Besut, menunjukkan bahawa parasit mungkin terdedah kepada tekanan. Kandungan glutation tidak menunjukkan perubahan ketara disebabkan oleh mekanisme detoksifikasi yang berlaku pada parasit. Dalam kajian ini, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahawa P. nemipteri boleh menjadi bio-akumulator melalui ekspresi protein p38 dan glutation sebagai penunjuk aras tekanan dalam parasit yang terdedah kepada logam berat.

Kata kunci: Glutation; logam berat; Nemipterus peronii; Paraphilometroides nemipteri; tekanan oksidatif

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*Corresponding author; email: nurulhuda@umt.edu.my