Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1401–1411

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-07

Hydrological Change Effects on Sungai Langat Water Quality

(Kesan Perubahan Hidrologi ke atas Kualiti Air Sungai Langat)

MARINA ZAINAL ABIDIN, AHMAD ABAS KUTTY*, TUKIMAT LIHAN & NURUL

AKHMA ZAKARIA

School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 15 September 2017/ Accepted: 20 February 2018

ABSTRACT

This study attempts to assess the impact of various types of land use along Sungai Langat and describes hydrological change and water quality variation along this river. This study also determines water quality of Sungai Langat based on low flow dry period Q_100,7 using the application of QUAL2K. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, temperature and conductivity were measured in situ. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) and total suspended solid (TSS) were analysed according to the standard methods (APHA). Water quality data was referred to National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS) proposed by Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) to estimate Sungai Langat water quality status. Four important water quality parameters namely DO, BOD₅, NH₃-N and TSS were simulated with QUAL2K version 2.07 for 83.67 km. As regard to individual parameter, DO classified this river into class III, BOD5 in Class II, NH₃-N in Class IV and TSS in Class I. Based on QUAL2K simulation for low flow scenario, the results clearly demonstrates a gradually reduction of DO and BOD₅ whereas NH3-N and TSS display opposite. Only NH₃-N was found significantly increase which cause low water quality class towards the downstream. Three parameters namely DO, BOD₅ and NH₃-N show effects of industrial which approximately located at the middle of river stretch. The TSS was contributed to the river system at the upstream and downstream of the river stretch which most likely from sand mining activity which located at Sungai Long, Cheras (near R5) and Sungai Semenyih (R11).

Keywords: Modelling; QUAL2K; Sungai Langat; water quality

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini cuba menilai kesan pelbagai jenis guna tanah di sepanjang Sungai Langat dan menerangkan perubahan hidrologi dan variasi kualiti air di sepanjang sungai ini. Kajian ini juga menentukan kualiti air Sungai Langat berdasarkan aliran musim kering Q_100,7 dengan menggunakan pemodelan kualiti air QUAL2K. Oksigen terlarut (DO), pH, suhu dan kekonduksian diukur secara in situ. Permintaan oksigen biokimia (BOD₅), nitrogen ammonia (NH₃-N) dan jumlah pepejal terampai (TSS) telah dianalisis di makmal mengikut kaedah piawai (APHA). Data kualiti air dirujuk kepada Piawaian Kualiti Air Negara (NWQS) yang dicadangkan oleh Jabatan Alam Sekitar Malaysia (JAS) untuk menganggarkan status kualiti air Sungai Langat. Empat parameter kualiti air penting iaitu DO, BOD₅, NH₃-N dan TSS disimulasi dengan menggunakan QUAL2K versi 2.07 bagi 83.67 km. Berdasarkan parameter individu, DO berada pada Kelas III, BOD₅ dalam Kelas II, NH₃-N pada Kelas IV dan TSS pada Kelas I. Berdasarkan simulasi QUAL2K untuk senario aliran rendah, keputusan jelas menunjukkan penurunan secara beransur-ansur bagi DO dan BOD₅ manakala NH₃-N dan TSS menunjukkan sebaliknya. Hanya NH3-N didapati meningkat dengan ketara yang menyebabkan kelas kualiti air menurun ke hilir sungai. Tiga parameter iaitu DO, BOD₅ dan NH3-N menunjukkan kesan perindustrian yang terletak berhampiran jajaran tengah sungai. TSS disumbangkan kepada sistem sungai di hulu dan hilir yang berkemungkinan besar berpunca daripada aktiviti perlombongan pasir yang terletak di Sungai Long, Cheras (berhampiran R5) dan Sungai Semenyih (R11).

Kata kunci: Kualiti air; pemodelan; QUAL2K; Sungai Langat

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*Corresponding author; email: abas@ukm.edu.my