Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2307–2315

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-02

Urban Expansion Analysis using Landsat Images in Penang, Malaysia

(Analisis Pengembangan Bandar menggunakan Imej Landsat di Pulau Pinang, Malaysia)

YI LIN TEW¹, MOU LEONG TAN¹*, NARIMAH SAMAT¹ & XIAOYING YANG²

¹Geography Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Rd, Shanghai 200433, China

Received: 31 March 2019/Accepted: 15 August 2019

ABSTRACT

Urban expansion mapping is important in urban planning, land use and water resources management. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the spatio-temporal trends of urban expansion in Penang using three Landsat satellite images taken in 2004, 2011 and 2018. Maximum Likelihood was used to classify the land uses into urban, agricultural, water, and forest. Comparison of the classified images with time-series Google Earth images and field data collection resulting an accuracy up to 90%. The results showed that urban have been expanded around 5% from 2004 to 2018. Major urban development is mainly found in the eastern part of Penang island. Meanwhile, major development in the Penang mainland can be found in the middle and western regions. Due to the limited development land on the Penang Island, a rapid urban expansion can be found in the south-western part of the Penang mainland that near to the second bridge. In order to maintain the city and community sustainability in Penang, government needs to plan on balanced socio-economic growth for the near future.

Keywords: Change detection; land use and land cover change; maximum likelihood classifier; Penang; urban growth analysis

ABSTRAK

Pemetaan keluasan bandar adalah penting dalam perancangan bandar, pengurusan guna tanah dan sumber air. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai corak perubahan ruang-masa kawasan bandar di Pulau Pinang dengan menggunakan tiga imej satelit Landsat yang diambil pada tahun 2004, 2011 dan 2018. Kaedah kebolehjadian maksimum telah diguna pakai untuk mengelaskan jenis guna tanah kepada bandar, pertanian, air dan hutan. Perbandingan antara hasil pengelasan imej dengan imej siri masa Google Earth dan kerja lapangan menunjukkan ketepatan hasil kajian ini mencapai 90%. Keputusan menunjukkan kawasan bandar telah bertambah 5% dari 2004 hingga 2018. Perkembangan pesat di bahagian Pulau tertumpu di bahagian timur. Manakala perkembangan utama di tanah besar Pulau Pinang boleh didapati di bahagian timur dan selatan. Disebabkan kekurangan tanah pembangunan di bahagian pulau, kawasan di sebelah barat daya tanah besar Pulau Pinang yang berhampiran dengan jambatan kedua telah mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Oleh itu, kerajaan perlu mengambil tindakan dalam pengimbangan perkembangan sosio-ekonomi selaras dengan perkembangan bandar di negeri Pulau Pinang demi kelestarian bandar dan komuniti pada masa depan.

Kata kunci: Analisis pengembangan bandar; klasifikasi kebolehjadian maksimum; pengesanan perubahan; perubahan guna tanah; Pulau Pinang

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*Corresponding author; email: mouleong@usm.my