Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2355–2365

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-07 

Effect of OnDuty™ Herbicide on Weed Populations and Rice Yields in Selected Rice Fields, Melaka, Malaysia

(Kesan Herbisid OnDuty™ terhadap Populasi Rumpai dan Hasil Padi di Kawasan Penanaman Padi Terpilih, Melaka, Malaysia)

MARDIANA-JANSAR K.*, BAJRAI F.S.M., MUHAMAD SAFWAN ISHAK & ISMAIL B.S.

Centre for Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 15 April 2019/Accepted: 15 August 2019

ABSTRACT

The effect of the herbicide OnDuty™ herbicide (imazapic + imazapyr) on the weed population and growth of rice plants was investigated. The study was conducted at Kampung Parit Penghulu Benteng, Sungai Rambai, Melaka for two seasons (season 1 (September–December 2015) and season 2 (February-May 2016)) to identify the weed population and determine the paddy yield components in the paddy field with OnDuty™ application. Six species under four families, namely, Plantaginaceae (Bacopa monnieri), Araceae (Alternanthera sessilis), Cyperaceae (Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus iria, Cyperus difformis) and Poaceae (Paspalum distichum, Leptochloa chinensis, Oryza sativa (weedy rice), Echinochloa glabrescens), were found in the rice fields. A. sessilis and B. monnieri are the most abundance weeds found in both seasons. During season one, A. sessilis was the most dominant weed compared with other species. Higher dosage of OnDuty™ up to 300 g ai/ha OnDuty™ (double recommended dose) did not affect the relative density of weeds and weedy rice can be controlled at half recommended dose. The Clearfield® production system offers control of many weeds especially parasitic weed which missed by other herbicides and adds an effective weed-control tool to rice. In season two, weedy rice was not detected. The yield of rice was significantly higher in plots treated at 300 g a.i/ha OnDuty™ for both seasons. Thus, OnDuty™ can effectively control weedy rice at half recommended dose and increase rice yield at double recommended dose.

Keywords: Herbicide OnDuty™; rice yield; weed population

ABSTRAK

Kesan herbisid OnDuty™ terhadap populasi dan pertumbuhan tanaman padi telah dikenal pasti. Kajian dijalankan di Kampung Parit Penghulu Benteng, Sungai Rambai, Melaka untuk dua musim iaitu musim pertama (September-Disember 2015) dan musim kedua (Februari-Mei 2016) untuk mengenal pasti populasi rumpai dan menentukan komponen hasil padi di kawasan sawah padi dengan penggunaan herbisid OnDuty™. Terdapat enam spesies di bawah empat famili telah ditemui di sawah padi yang dikaji iaitu Plantaginaceae (Bacopa monnieri), Araceae (Alternanthera sessilis), Cyperaceae (Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus iria, Cyperus difformis) dan Poaceae (Paspalum distichum, Leptochloa chinensis, Oryza sativa (padi angin), Echinochloa glabrescens). Spesies rumpai A. sessilis dan B. monnieri adalah rumpai yang paling banyak terdapat di kedua-dua musim yang ditetapkan. Pada musim pertama, A. sessilis merupakan rumpai yang paling dominan berbanding spesies lain. Peningkatan dos kepekatan herbisid OnDuty™ sehingga 300 g ai/ha OnDuty™ (dua kali dos yang disyorkan) tidak menjejaskan ketumpatan relatif rumpai dan padi angin boleh dikawal pada separuh dos yang disyorkan. Sistem pengeluaran Clearfield® menawarkan kawalan pelbagi jenis rumpai terutamanya rumpai parasit yang tidak dapat dikawal oleh herbisid yang lain dan menjadi satu alat kawalan yang berkesan dalam penanaman padi. Padi angin tidak dapat dikesan pada musim kedua. Penghasilan padi jauh lebih tinggi pada plot yang dirawat dengan kepekatan 300 g a.i/ha OnDuty™ untuk kedua-dua musim. Ini menunjukkan bahawa herbisid OnDuty™ amat berkesan untuk mengawal padi pada separuh kepekatan dos yang disyorkan dan meningkatkan penghasilan padi jika menggunakan dua kali kepekatan dos yang disyorkan.

Kata kunci: Hasil padi; herbisid OnDuty™; populasi rumpai

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*Corresponding author; email: mardiana@ukm.edu.my